General Flashcards
basic instruments
- mouth mirror
- cotton pliers
- explorer
3 types of povidone iodine (betadine)
- 1%
- 7.5%
- 10%
1% povidone iodine: purpose
for gargling/oral rinse
7.5% povidone iodine: purpose
for scrubbing hands
10% povidone iodine: purpose
for extraoral sanitation (i.e. skin, wounds)
2 types of chlorhexidine (Orahex)
- 0.12%
- 0.20%
advantage of chlorhexidine
- can be used for cancer px
- strong antibacterial
- kills spores and other microorganisms
0.20% chlorhexidine: purpose
for moderate to severe gingival disease gargling
0.12% chlorhexidine: purpose
for everyday gargling
2 types of topical anesthetic
- ointment type
- spray type
duration of time to wait after applying topical anesthesia before injecting
5 minutes
found in topical anesthetics; responsible for wrinkling effect in gingiva
amide (vasoconstrictor)
types of dental syringe needles
- 25 gauge
- 27 gauge
- 30 gauge
most ideal dental syringe needle size
27 gauge
4 most common anesthetic solutions used
- lidocaine 2%
- articaine 4%
- bupivacaine
- mepivacaine 3%
epinephrine concentration of lidocaine 2%
1:100,000 epi
(anesthesia) synthesized in liver
amide
(anesthesia) synthesized in kidney/blood plasma
ester
(anesthesia type) synthesized in both liver and kidney
articaine 4%
T or F: articaine 4% is recommended for children
F; can cause paresthesia
components of anesthetic cartridge
- anesthetic agent
- vasoconstrictor
- distilled water
- sodium bisulfite
- sodium chloride
- methyl paraben*
(cartridge) vasoconstrictor: purpose
prolongs the action of LA
(cartridge) distilled water: purpose
vehicle
(cartridge) sodium bisulfite: purpose
stabilizer
(cartridge) sodium chloride: purpose
- buffer system
- makes solution isotonic with body tissues
(cartridge) methyl paraben*
removed in newer anesthesia; causes allergic reax.
recommended sterile gauze pad
2x2
advantage of gauze pad over cotton
- absorbs 10x more than cotton
- cotton leaves strands
T or F: suturing needles are always put in sterile area
F; unopened = unsterile, opened = sterile
2 types of sterile saline solution
- for irrigation
- for infusion
syringe used for sterile saline solution irrigation
at least 10 ml syringe; 18g needle
difference between sterile saline solution for irrigation and infusion
bottle cap
recommended concentration for sterile saline solution
0.9 NaCl
materials for elevating mucoperiosteum
- molt periosteal elevator #9
- # 1 woodson instrument
molt periosteal elevator #9: purpose
- used to elevate mucoperiosteum
- used for separating gingiva from bone
3 parts of dental forceps
- beak
- hinge
- handle
150 forceps
max. anteriors to bicuspids
150 A
max. premolars
151
mand. anteriors to bicuspids
151 A
mand. premolars
18 L
max. left molars
18 R
max. right molars
53 R T/C
max. molars; bend towards posterior
88 R / L
max. molars; beak for grasping roots of tooth
24
max. teeth (universal)
210 S
max. 3rd molars only
69
max. root fragment
44
mand. ant. root fragment
65
max. root fragment; bayonet forceps (curved)
16
max. anterior to bicuspids
17
max. right molars*
other names for elevators
exolevers, luxators
diff. between forceps and elevators
minimal damage to alveolar bone vs. forceps
3 parts of elevators
- blade
- shank
- handle
3 basic types of elevators
- straight type
- triangle or pennant-shape type
- pick type
proper way of holding elevator
conventional manner
luxators vs. elevators
(luxators) thinner than elevators
2 types of scalpel blade holder (bard parker holder)
- # 3
- # 7
scalpel blade holder: #3
flat
scalpel blade holder: #7
rounded
scalpel blade holder: #7A
- angled for posterior area
- convenient for removing 3rd molars
types of scalpel blades
- # 15
- # 12
- # 11
- # 10
scalpel blade: #15
for alveolar ridges (mostly used in OS)
scalpel blade: #12
- for inaccessible areas (i.e. sulcular incisions, tuberosity)
- looks like sickle
scalpel blade: #11
for stabbing incision and drainage
scalpel blade: #10
for extraoral tissues only (i.e. facial incisions)
instruments for retracting soft tissue
- right-angle austin retractor
- off-set broad minnesota retractor
- senn retractor
- seldin retractor
- weider retractor
senn retractor: purpose
for holding severe gross surgeries
weider retractor: purpose
for retracting tongue
T or F: mouth mirrors are not used to retract soft tissues in OS
T
instruments used in controlling hemorrhage
- hemostat
- egg-shaped amalgam burnisher
- bone wax
hemostat: grooves
single row or parallel
egg shaped amalgam burnisher: purpose
for adapting bone wax on bleeding bone
bone wax: purpose
to cover bleeding on the bone
bone wax: components
- 70% beeswax
- isopropyl palmitate
- mineral oils
4 ways to obtain hemostasis
- assisting natural hemostatic mechanisms
- thermal coagulation
- suture ligation
- placing vasoconstrictive substances
normal bleeding time
3-5 or 3-7 mins
normal clotting time
8-15 mins
time it takes to deposit anesthesia to inflict minimal pain
1 minute
possible occurrences if you inject anesthesia too fast
- can affect other branches
- diplopia
- temporary paresthesia