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Greece > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Vidiano and Kotsifali are grape varieties thought to be indigenous to what island?

A

Crete

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2
Q

Monemvassia-Malvasia

A

PDO for sweet wines, southern Pelopennese

  • Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)
  • Fortified Sweet White (VDN)
  • min 51% Monemvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa
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4
Q

Retsina

Most common white grape

A

Saavatiano

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5
Q

T/F: Retsina cannot be labeled with a vintage.

A

True

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6
Q

Greece

Number of indigenous varietals

A

over 300

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7
Q

Two large producers who dominate the Greek wine industry

A

Boutari

Tsantali

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8
Q

Greece wine laws

Year 1st implemented

A

1969 and 1970

  • Most of the country’s appellations were established in 1971
  • Laws refined in the 1980s
  • Overseen by the Greek Wine Institute
  • Conform to EU standards and resemble the French model
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9
Q

Year most of Greece’s appellations were established

A

1971

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10
Q

2 levels of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) quality wine

A
  • Controlled Appellation of Origin
    • status reserved for traditional sweet wine
  • Appellation of Superior Quality

* While these 2 separate categories remain, “PDO Wines of Greece” will appear on current and future bottles of wines featuring a designation of origin, especially those destined for export.

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11
Q

“Reserve”

A
  • White - min. 1 yr, 6 mo barrel, 3 mo bottle
  • Red - min. 2 yrs, 1 yr barrel, 6 mo bottle
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12
Q

“Grand Reserve”

A
  • White - 2 yrs, 1 yr barrel, 6 mo bottle
  • Red - 4 yrs, 18 mo barrel, 18 mo bottle
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13
Q

Verdea

A

Oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos of the Ionian Sea

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14
Q

3 other categories of wine quality below PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) level

A
  • PGI (Protected Geographical Indication)
  • Varietal - still awaiting its official unveiling in 2011 due to bureaucratic delays, comprises table wines that carry a vintage and variety on the label, whereas ordinary “Table” wines cannot
  • Table
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16
Q

PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) zones

3 levels

A
  • Regional - equivalent to the major regions of Greece, such as Pelopnnese and Crete
  • District
  • Area - so small they may include a single estate
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17
Q

Regions of the Greek mainland

A
  • Thrace
  • Macedonia
  • Epirus
  • Thessalia
  • Peloponnese
  • Cental Greece (Sterea Ellada)
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18
Q

Region known as Sterea Ellada

A

Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

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19
Q

Region home to some of Greece’s best red wines

A

Macedonia

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20
Q

Thrace

Number of PDO appellations

A

None

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21
Q

Sole grape for red wines of Naoussa and Amynteo

A

Xinomavro (“acid-black”)

  • Firmly tannic
  • vs. Macedonia’s Goumenissa PDO, which produces lighter Xinomavro wines with min. 20% Negoska
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22
Q

Goumenissa PDO

Style

A
  • Xinomavro + min 20% Negoska
  • Lighter profile
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23
Q

Min. % of Negoska added to Xinomavro in Goumenissa PDO

A

20% Negoska

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24
Q

“Cava”

A
  • Aging indication for PGI wines
  • White and rosé - min 1 yr, 6 mo oak
  • Reds - min. 3 yrs, 1 yr oak
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25
Q

What term may be added to the label of Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve wines to indicate oak aging beyond the required minimums?

A

“Palaiomenos se vareli”

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26
Q

Greece’s coolest region

A

Amynteo PDO

  • Within Macedonia
  • Only PDO to allow the production of rosé wines (?); these may be dry to semisweet, and still or sparkling
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27
Q

What is the only PDO to allow the production of rosé wines?

A

Amynteo

  • In Macedonia
  • Rosés may be dry to semisweet, and still or sparkling: 100% Xinomavro

Rhodes
* Red/Rose: minimum 70% Mandilaria

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28
Q

PDO in Macedonia that is a single appellation for Domaine Carras

A

Slopes of Meliton (Plagies Meltiona)

Domaine Carras - a trailblazing, ambitius Greek estate

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30
Q

Red PDO wines from Domaine Carras are a blend of what grapes

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Cabernet Franc
  • and native Liminio
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32
Q

Who nurtured the native white Malagousia grape from the brink of extinction and now produces varietal wines of high aromatic intensity from the grape at his own domaine in the PGI district fo Thassaloniki in northern Macedonia?

A

Evangelos Gerovassiliou

  • Winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim
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33
Q

Southernmost appellation for Xinomavro

A

Rapsani PDO

  • Within Thessalia
  • Xinomavro’s tannins and acid structure are softened by the warmer climate and mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes
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34
Q

Rapsani PDO

(w/in Thessalia)

2 grapes required in the blend with Xinomavro

A
  • Krasato, Stavroto
  • Lighter red grapes
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35
Q

PDO in Thessalia for only white wines

A

Anchialos PDO

  • Blended from Roditis and Savvatiano grapes from higher-altitude vineyards
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37
Q

Zitsa PDO

(wihtin Epirus)

  • Styles
  • Grape
A

Zitsa PDO

  • Dry White
  • Sparkling White Dry / Semi Dry
  • 100% Debina
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38
Q

Most prominent region for Retsina

A

Central Greece, or Sterea Ellada

  • Attiki, the region surrounding Athens, is the center of production
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43
Q

Year Naoussa was established as an appellation

A

1971

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44
Q

PDO home of Boutari

A

Naoussa PDO

(within Macedonia, est 1971)

  • Boutari - one of Greece’s two largest producers and a major force in the modern rejuvenation of Greek winemaking
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48
Q

Winemaker that launched Doamine Carras to international acclaim

A

Evangelos Gerovassiliou

  • Under the guidance of Émile Peynaud
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50
Q

Domaine Carras

Slopes of Meliton PDO

Grapes for white blends

A
  • Assyrtiko
  • Athiri
  • Rhoditis
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55
Q

Epirus

1 PDO

A

Zitsa PDO

  • Dry still white
  • Sparkling white dry / semi dry
  • 100% Debina
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56
Q

Crete

Most planted white grape

A

Vilana

  • Vidiano (higher acidity, more character) grape is challenging Vilana in popularity with high-quality producers
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57
Q

Wine-producing islands in the Ionian archipelago

A
  • Cephalonia
  • Kerkyra (Corfu)
  • Lefkada
  • Zakynthos
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58
Q

Ionian island that contains all the PDOs in the group

A

Cephalonia

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59
Q

Robola of Cephalonia

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Robola of Cephalonia

  • Dry White
  • 100% Robola
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60
Q

Muscat of Cephalonia

  • Styles
  • Grape
A
  • Sweet White (sun dried), White VDN, White VDL, VDN Grand Cru
  • 100% Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains (Moschato Aspro)
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61
Q

Muscat PDOs

Grand Cru

A

Muscat PDO’s Grand Cru

  • Wines produced from estate vineyards with “low yields per ha”
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62
Q

Muscat appellations

Must weight levels

A
  • Sweet Wine: 300 g/l (after drying)
  • VDN: 238 g/l
  • VDN Grand Cru: 252 g/l
  • VDL: 221 g/l
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63
Q

Ionian Islands

PDO zones

A
  • Robola of Cephalonia
  • Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia
  • Muscat of Cephalonia
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64
Q

3 PDO zones est in 2012

A
  • Candia
  • Malvasia Candia
  • Malvasia Sitia
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65
Q

Most widespread red varietal in the Aegean

A

Mandilaria

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66
Q

Sitia

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Sitia

  • Dry White, Dry Red
  • Red VDL, Red VDN, Vin Liastos
  • White: min 70% Vilana, + Thrapsathiri
  • Red: min 80% Liatiko, + Mandilaria
  • Vin Liastos is 100% Liatiko
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67
Q

Peza

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Peza

  • Dry Red and White
  • White: 100% Vilana
  • Red: Kotsifali, Mandilaria
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68
Q

Dafnes

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Dafnes

  • Red only
  • Dry, VDL, VDN/Grand Cru, Vin Liastos
  • 100% Liatiko
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69
Q

Archanes

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Dry Red Kotsifali and Mandilaria

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70
Q

Candia

  • Styles
  • Grapes
A

Candia

  • Dry red and white
  • White: min 85% Vilana, Vidiano, Assyrtiko, Thrapsathiri, Athiri, Liatiko (vinified white), + Muscat Spinas, Malvasia di Candia
  • Red: Kotsifali, Mandilaria
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71
Q

Malvasia Candia PDO

  • Styles
  • Grapes
  • Aging requirements
A

Malvaisa Candia

  • Vin Liastos, VDN
  • Assyrtiko, Athiri, Vidiano, Thrapsani, Liatiko, + max 15% Malvasia di Candia Aromatico and/or Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain
  • 2 yrs oak
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72
Q

Malvasia Candia, Malvaisa Sitia, Malvasia Paros

Vin Liastos

  • Min must weight
  • Min RS
A
  • 320 g/l
  • 80 g/l
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73
Q

Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO

Grapes

A

min 51% Malvassia, plus Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Kydonitsa

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74
Q

Zitsa PDO

Sparkling RS

A

Zitsa PDO

  • Sparkling White Dry: 17 - 32 g/l
  • Sparkling White Semi Dry: 32 - 50 g/l
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75
Q

Key grapes of Thrace:

A

Roditis = white
Limnio = red

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76
Q

Key grape of Macedonia:

A

Xinomavro = red

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77
Q

Key grape of Epirus:

A

Debina = white

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78
Q

Major grape of Thessalia:

A

Xinomavro = red

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79
Q

Major grape of Central Greece (Sterea Ellada):

A

Savatiano = white

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80
Q

Major grapes of the Peloponnese:

A

Agiorghitiko = red
Moschofilero = white

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81
Q

Major grapes of the Ionian Islands:

A

Robola = white
Tsaoussi = white

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82
Q

Major grapes of the Aegean Islands:

A

Athiri = white
Mandelaria = red
Muscat = white
Assyrtico = white

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83
Q

Major grapes of Crete:

A

Vidiano = white
Vilana = white
Liatiko = red
Kotsifali = red

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84
Q

PDO regions of the Aegean Islands:

A

Santorini PDO
Paros PDO
Rhodes PDO
Lemnos PDO
Samos PDO
Muscat of Rhodes PDO
Muscat of Lemnos PDO
Malvasia Paros PDO

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85
Q

PGI Traditional Appellation Retsina Designations in Central Greece:

A

PGI District Retsina: Attiki (Attica), Evia, Viotia
PGI Area Retsina: Karystos, Megara, Mesogeia, Markopoulo, Koropi, Pallini, Peanea, Pikermi, Spata, Ritsona, Thebes (Thiva), Yaltra, Chalkis

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86
Q

PDO regions of Crete:

A

Sitia PDO
Peza PDO
Daphnes PDO
Archanes PDO
Candia PDO
Malvasia Candia PDO
Malvasia Sitia PDO

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87
Q

PDO region of Epirus:

A

Zitsa PDO

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88
Q

PDO regions of the Ionian Islands:

A

Robola of Cephalonia PDO
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO
Muscat of Cephalonia PDO

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89
Q

PGI Regions of Ionian Islands:

A

PGI Verdea (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)
Main Varieties: Min. 50% Skiadopoulo, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos)
PGI Regional Wines: None
PGI District WInes: Corfu (Kerkyra), Lefkada, Zakynthos
PGI Area Wines: Halikouna, Metaxata, Mantzavinata, Slopes of Enos, Kerkyra

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90
Q

PDO Regions of Macedonia:

A

Amynteo PDO
Goumenissa PDO
Naoussa PDO
Slopes of Meliton PDO

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91
Q

PDO Regions of Peloponnese:

A

Nemea PDO
Mantinia PDO
Patras PDO
Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
Muscat of Patras PDO
Muscat of Rio Patras PDO

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92
Q

PDO Regions of Thessalia:

A

Anchialos PDO
Messenikola PDO
Rapsani PDO

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93
Q

Where is Boutari located?

A

Macedonia

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94
Q

What styles of wine are produced under the Malvasia Sitia and Malvasia Candia PDOs? How long must they be aged?

A

Sweet white and vin doux naturel
Min 2 years in oak

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95
Q

What district surrounds Athens and is the center of production for Retsina in Central Greece?

A

Attiki

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96
Q

Where is the village of Koutsi?

A

Nemea- is is the most famous village for Agiorgitiko.

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97
Q

What are the red and white grapes for the Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Red: Cab Sauv, Cab Franc and Limnio
White: Assyrtiko, Athiri and Rhoditis

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98
Q

On Samos, Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains produces what types of wines?

A
  • Vin de liqueur
  • Vin doux naturel
  • Samos Nectar- a naturally sweet version, similar to vin de paille and aged for 6 years
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99
Q

What PDO of Thessalia produces whites only? From what grapes?

A

Anchialos PDO from Phoditis and Savvatiano

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100
Q

What is Retsina flavored with?

A

Aleppo Pine Resin

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101
Q

What are the 2 area PGIs of Thrace?

A

Avdira and Ismaros

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102
Q

Where is Domaine Porto Carras located?

A

Slopes of Meliton

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103
Q

What is Limnio?

A

A red grape that originated on the island of Lemnos. Its importance on the island has diminished. Domaine Porto Carras produces Limnio in the Slopes of Meliton.

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104
Q

What Island of Greece is the farthest East?

A

Rhodes- located closer to Turkey (Asia Minor)

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105
Q

What are the 4 PDOs of Peloponnese?

A
  • Namea
  • Mantinia
  • Patras
  • Monemvassia-Malvasia
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106
Q

Where is the Namea PDO? What styles of wine are produced and from what grapes?

A
  • Peloponnese
  • Dry and sweet
  • Exclusively Agiorgitiko
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107
Q

What are the red only PDOs of Crete? What grapes are used?

A

Archanes- Mandilaria and Kotsifali

Dafnes- Liatiko

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108
Q

What two PDOs are located on the island of Rhodes? What color wines are produced and from what grapes?

A
  • Rhones PDO
  • Muscat of Rhodes PDO (rarely encountered)

Red- Mandilaria
White- Athiri

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109
Q

What are the red and white PDOs of Crete?

A
  • Sitia
  • Peza
  • Candia
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110
Q

What is unique about the Liatiko grape?

A
  • Found only on Crete and a handful of neighboring islands
  • One of the most ancient varieties under cultivation
  • Ripens in mid-July and delivers a distinctively ‘orange’ wine
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111
Q

What is Samos Nectar?

A
  • Produced from Moscato Aspro (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)
  • Similar to vin de paille; produced from dried grapes
  • Aged for 6 years prior to release
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112
Q

Where is Santorini PDO located?

A

Santorini Island, part of the Cyclades Islands, North of Crete

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113
Q

What is the only PDO of Epirus?

A

Zitsa PDO

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114
Q

What are the 3 dessert wine PDOs of the Patras PDO?

A
  • Muscat of Patras PDO
  • Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
  • Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO
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115
Q

What statement appears on all PDO wine featuring a designation of origin?

A

‘PDO Wines of Greece’

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116
Q

Where is the Paros PDO located?

A

Paros Island, part of the Cyclades Islands, north of Crete

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117
Q

What quality levels are below PDO?

A
  • PGI
  • ‘Varietal’ wines
  • ‘Table’ wines
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118
Q

What styles of wine are produced under the Paros PDO and from what grapes?

A
  • Red- Mandilaria
  • White- monemvassia
  • Only Greek appellation that mandates a white grape (Monemvassia) in a red blend
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119
Q

What does ‘Palaiomenos se Vareli’ mean on a label? What wines may this be added to?

A
  • It indicated oak aging beyond the required minimums
  • Cava, Reserve, Grand Reserve
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120
Q

Who is to progenitor of Mavropdaphne of Patras?

A

Achaia-Claus Estate
Has a Mavrodaphne solera dating to 1882

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121
Q

Where is Monemvassia-Malvasia located? What style of wine, from what grape? Aging?

A

Peloponnese
Must be 51% Monemvassia (AKA Malvasia)
Sweet
Must be aged in an oxidative environment for at least 2 years

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122
Q

What are the four wine producing islands of the Ionian Islands?

A
  • Cephalonia
  • Kerkyra (Corfo)
  • Lefkada
  • Zakynthos
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123
Q

What are the 2 most planted grapes in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)?

A

Savvatiano
Roditis- the common name for a closely linked family of pink skinned grapes

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124
Q

What PDO includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mt. Olympus?

A

Rapsani PDO

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125
Q

What two PDOs are on the island of Lemnos? What styles and from what grapes?

A
  • Lemnos PDO
  • Muscat of Lemnos PDO
  • Dry to sweet
  • Muscat
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125
Q

Where is Vinsanto produced in Greece?

A
  • Santorini Island
  • it was probably named by the Venetians when they ruled the island in the Middle Ages
  • A dried grape wine
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126
Q

What does ‘Grand Reserve’ indicate for a PDO wine?

A
  • White: min 2 years (1 yr in barrel & 6 m in btl)
  • Red: min 4 years (18 m in barrel & 18 m in btl)
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127
Q

Where is the Patras PDO? What styles of wines, from what grape?

A
  • Peloponnese
  • Dry whites
  • 100% Roditis
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128
Q

What does ‘Reserve’ indicate for a PDO wine?

A

White: min 1 year (6 m in barrel & 3 m in btl)
Red: min 2 years (1 yr in barrel & 6 m in bottle)

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129
Q

The white wines of Santorini PDO are produced from what grapes?

A

Assyrtiko sometimes blended with Athiri and Aidani

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130
Q

What are the two broadly categorized island regions of Greece?

A

Aegean and Ionian islands

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131
Q

Can ‘Varietal’ and ‘Table’ wines carry a variety and vintage on the label?

A

‘Varietal’ wines may.

‘Table’ wines may not

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132
Q

Where is the Mantinia PDO? What is the major grape?

A

Peloponnese
Moschofilero

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133
Q

What is the Greek synonym for St. George?

A

Agiorgitiko

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134
Q

Agiorgitiko performs differently throughout the wide range of elevation and terrain of Nemea. What is the most famous village for it?

A

Koutsi

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135
Q

Where is the Candia PDO? What grapes are used?

A
  • Crete
  • White: Vilana
  • Red: Kotsifali and Mandilaria
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136
Q

What are the 6 main land regions of Greece?

A
  • Macedonia (north)
  • Epirus (NW)
  • Peloponnese (S; a peninsula only by virtue of the isthmus of Corinth)
  • Thessalia (central, just north of Sterea Ellada)
  • Thrace (NE)
  • Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)
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137
Q

What are the two levels of PDO?

A
  • Controlled appellation of Origin (AOC/OPE)- reserved for sweet wines
  • Appellation of Superior Quality (AOSQ/OPAP)
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138
Q

What is Crete’s most cultivated white grape?

A

Vilana

-Many talented winemakers prefer Vidiano as it retains more acidity

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139
Q

What quality level is Retsina? Verdea?

A

Both are PGI and classified as Traditional Appellation Wines

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140
Q

What are the styles and grapes of Cephalonia PDO?

A

Dry whites- Robola (unrelated to Ribolla)
Sweet- Mavropaphne and Muscat

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141
Q

What is Verdea? Where is it located? What grapes?

A

A Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos Island
May share similarities with Jura’s vin juane or sherry
Grapes: Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Avgoustiatis
Often unknown to Greeks

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142
Q

What PDO received appellation status as early as 1934? (It is Greece’s most famous wine)

A

Muscat of Samos

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143
Q

Where is Goumenissa PDO? What style of wines are produced and from what grapes?

A

Macedonia
Lighter reds from Xinomavro, must contain at least 20% Negoska

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144
Q

What styles of wine and from what grape are both Muscat of Patras PDO and Muscat of Rio Patras PDO?

A

Both may either be vin doux naturel or naturally sweet
Produced from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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145
Q

How did Retsina develop its signature flavor?

A

Wine was transported in amphorae in ancient Greece. Often sealed with pine resin to prevent spoilage. Over time the resulting flavor became an acquired taste

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146
Q

What grape is Retsina generally produced from?

A

Savvatiano (white)

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147
Q

When was Greek wine law initially implemented? When were most of the country’s appellations established?

A

Implemented- 1969/1970

Appellations- 1971

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148
Q

Where is the Sitia PDO located? What grapes are used?

A

Crete
White: Vilana
Red: Liatiko

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149
Q

Can Retsina be labelled with a vintage?

A

No, because it’s flavored/manipulated

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150
Q

What 2 large producers dominate the Greek market?

A

Boutari and Tsantali

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151
Q

What is Verdea? Where is it located? What grapes?

A
  • A Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos Island
  • May share similarities with Jura’s vin juane or sherry
  • Grapes: Skiadopoulo, Pavlos, Avgoustiatis
  • Often unknown to Greeks
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152
Q

What PDO received appellation status as early as 1934? It is Greeces most famous wine.

A

Muscat of Samos

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153
Q

Where is Goumenissa PDO? What style of wines are produced and from what grapes?

A

Macedonia
- Lighter reds from Xinomavro, must contain at least 20% Negosk

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154
Q

What is the only red PDO of Peloponnese?

A

Nemea PDO

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155
Q

Where is the Peza PDO located? What grapes?

A

Crete
White - 100% Vilana
Reds - Mandilaria and Kotsifali

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156
Q

What is unique about the vine training on Santorini?

A

The vines are trained close to the ground in the shape of a “stefani” (basket)
In order to protect the grapes from fierce Aegean winds and to collect the little moisture in the form of Morning Dew

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157
Q

What grapes are used for Mavrodaphne of Patras? Aging? Can it carry a vintage?

A

Produced from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korinthiaki (a currant grape, used for enriching the sugar content)
Aging - 1 yr in wood, some may remain in cask for a decade or more
May be vintage or non-vintage
Sweet, fortified red

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158
Q

What is the grape of Naoussa PDO? Where is it located?

A

Xinomavro
- Macedonia

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159
Q

What is “Cava” in Greece?

A

It indicates at least one year of aging, w/ 6 mos in oak, for white and rosé PGI wines
Reds are min 3 yrs (1 yr in oak)

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160
Q

What is the PDO for Domaine Carras? Where is it located?

A

Slopes of Meliton in Macedonia

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161
Q

What quality level integrated the wines of Greece’s former “Vin de Pays” category?

A

PGI

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162
Q

What 2 mainland regions of Greece do not have any PDOs?

A

Thrace
Central Greece

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163
Q

What is Greece’s coolest wine region?

A

Amynteo PDO

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164
Q

What is the district PGI of Thrace?

A

Evros

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165
Q

What is the only PDO allowed to produce rosé in Greece?

A

Amynteo

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165
Q

What are the 3 new PDOs of Crete that were added in 2012?

A

Candia
Malvasia Candia
Malvasia Sitia

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166
Q

What is the southernmost outpost for Xinomavro? What 2 lighter grapes must it be blended with?

A

Rapsani PDO
- Kirasoto and Stavroto

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167
Q

Where is Amynteo PDO located? What grape and what style of wine?

A

Macedonia
Xinomavro (100%)
Red and Rosé
Dry to semisweet, still or sparkling

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168
Q

Where is the Messenikola PDO? What color wines are produced?

A

Thessalia
- Red - min 70% Mavro Messenikola, plus Carignan and Syrah

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169
Q

When did phylloxera strike the Peloponnese? Crete?

A

Peloponnese - 1960s

Crete - 1970s

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170
Q

What is the only PDO of the Ionian Islands?

A

Cephalonia PDO

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171
Q

What is the local synonym for Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains on Samos?

A

Muscato Aspro

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172
Q

What sobriquet is sometimes attached to the wines of Nemea?

A

“Blood of Hercules” (or “Blood of the lion”)

173
Q

What appellation in Greece is similar to vin de paille? What grape is it produced from?

A

Samos Nectar
Moscato Aspro (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)

174
Q

How long must Samos Nectar be aged?

A

6 years

175
Q

What is the only Greek appellation that mandates a white grape in a red blend? What grape?

A

Paros PDO

Monemvassia

176
Q

What ancient grape is cultivated mainly on Crete and some neighboring islands?

A

Liatiko

177
Q

What is the major mountain range of Greece?

A

Pindos

178
Q

What is Greece’s tallest peak?

A

Mount Olympus, 3000m

179
Q

What are the three seas surrounding Greece?

A

Aegean - east
Ionian - west
Libyan - south of Crete

180
Q

What are the only 2 PDO’s not entirely dedicated to indigenous varietals?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO
Messenikola PDO

181
Q

To be bottled as a PDO what % of fruit must be grown/vinified in the appellation?

A

100%

182
Q

Levels of hierarchy in the modern Greek wine law:

A

PDO
PGI
Varietal
Table

183
Q

What does “Grand Cru” mean on a Greek wine label?

A
  • applies to certain sweet wines made via Vin Douc Naturel
  • sourced from select vineyards of a given region
  • typically from higher elevation sites
184
Q

What does Reserve/Grand Reserve mean on a Greek wine label?

A
  • for PDO wines only
  • refers to a min oak aging

white - 2 years aging, one in barrel, 6mos in bottle
red - 4 years aging, 18mos in barrel, 18mos in bottle

185
Q

What’s the name for the traditional method of vine-training in Santorini?

A

Kouloura/Stefani

  • basket-shaped, prevents grapes from harsh winds
186
Q

What does the term “kitma” refer to on a Greek wine label:

A

“Estate”

187
Q

Two of Greece’s major wine-making families (Boutaris and Tsaotalis) are based in what region?

A

Macedonia

188
Q

In what region is Amynteo PDO?

A

Macedonia

189
Q

What style of wine can be made in Amynteo PDO?

A

Macedonia
- dry/red rose
- sparkling rose
- sparkling rose semi-sweet (32-50 g/L)
- Xinomavro

190
Q

Principle grape of Naoussa PDO:

A

100% Xinomavro

191
Q

What style of wine can be made in Naoussa PDO?

A
  • dry reds (0-4 g/L)
  • semi-dry reds (4.5-17.5 g/L)
  • semi-sweet reds (17.5-45 g/L)
192
Q

What mountains are the vineyards of Naoussa planted on?

A

Mount Vernion

193
Q

What are the 3 Xinomavro-dominant PDO’s of Macedonia?

A
  • Goumenisa PDO
  • Naoussa PDO
  • Amynteo PDO
194
Q

The Slopes of Meliton PDO is an appellation that applies solely to which estate?

A

Domaine Porto Carras

195
Q

What are the red and white grape varietals of the Slopes of Meliton?

A

Red - Cab Sauv, Lemnio, Cab Franc
White - Roditis, Assyrtiko, Athiri

196
Q

The Slopes of Meliton was the first PDO (1982) that was allowed to do what?

A

Use international varietals

197
Q

What famous vineyard in Macedonia are women not allowed to walk in?

A

Mount Athos Vineyard
(over half planted to Cabernet)

198
Q

What is the only PDO outside of Macedonia to feature Xinomavro?

A

Rapsani in Thessaly

199
Q

What is Greece’s smallest PDO?

A

Rapsani

200
Q

Rapsani PDO’s mountain?

A

Mount Olympus

201
Q

What is the principle grape variety of Rapsani?

A

Xinomavro w/ Stavrato and Krassato

202
Q

What are the authorized grape varieties of Messenikola PDO?

A

Min. 70% Mavro Messinkola
Max 30% combined Syrah and Carignan

203
Q

Authorized grape varieties in Anchialos PDO?

A

Min 80% Roditis
Max 20% Savvatiano

204
Q

Where may sparkling wine be produced in Greece?

A

Zitsa PDO (Traditional Method or Tank)
Styles:
Dry white/Sparkling white: dry, semidry
Authorized varieties: 100% Debina

205
Q

Aging requirements of Zitsa PDO?

A

Aging requirements
Επιλεγμένος (Selected) or Réserve:These terms are allowed only for dry wines and are interchangeable. Selected or Réserve wines must age for a minimum one year, including at least six months in oak barrels and three months in bottle for white.
Ειδικά Επιλεγμένος (Specially Selected) or Grande Réserve: Also interchangeable and authorized only for dry wines, these terms require at least two years of aging, including a minimum one year in oak barrels and six months in bottle.

206
Q

Sterea Ellada is most associated with what traditional style of wine?

A

Retsina

207
Q

What are the dominant grape varieties in Retsina?

A

Savvatiano
Roditis

208
Q

What is the largest PDO in Greece?

A

Patras PDO (Peloponnese)

209
Q

The Peloponnese is separated from the Greek mainland by which gulf?

A

Gulf of Corinthe

210
Q

What are the 4 sweet wine-producing PDO’s of the Peloponnese?

A
  • Mavrodaphne of Patras
  • Muscat of Patras
  • Muscat of Riot Patras
  • Monemvassia - Malvasia
211
Q

What is the main grape of the Nemea PDO?

A

Agiogitiko

212
Q

Who produces “Megas Oenos”, variety/location?

A

Produced by Shouras from Nemea
- blend of Agiogitiko, Cab Sauv
- cannot be labelled as PDO

213
Q

Name the most famous “Cru” of Nemea?

A

Koutsi

214
Q

Name the major grape varieties of the Mantinia PDO:

A

min 85% Moschofilero plus Asproudes

215
Q

Name the grape variety of Patras PDO?

A

100% Roditis

216
Q

What grape is commonly blended w/ Mavrodaphne to make sweet wine?

A

Corinthiaki (usually used to make raisins)

217
Q

Are mavrodaphne wines always fortified? (Patras)

A

Yes

Can be VDN or VDL

218
Q

What is the exclusive grape variety of Muscat of Patras/Muscat of Rio Patras PDO’s?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

219
Q

What are the main varietals of Monembasia Malavasia PDO?

A

min 51% Monemvasia plus Assytiko, Aspourdes, Kydonitsa

220
Q

What is the wine style of Monemvasia-Malavasia PDO?

A
  • grapes must be dried
  • Styles:
    Naturally Sweet White (Vin Liastos/Sun Dried)
    Fortified Sweet White (VDN)
    Aging Requirements:
    Min. 2 years in an oxidative environment (if the wine is aged for a longer period, it may be aged for 4 years, or in multiples of 4 years thereafter)
  • no chapitalization
221
Q

What are the aging requirements for Reserve?

A

Whites: 1 yr total, 6mos barrel, 3mos bottle
Reds: 2 yrs total, 1yr barrel, 6mos bottle

222
Q

What are the aging requirements for Grand Reserva?

A

Whites: 2 yrs total, 1 yr barrel, 6mos bottle
Reds: 4 yrs total, 18mos barrel, 18mos bottle

223
Q

Does the Ionian Islands claim a regional PGI?

A

No, only part of Greece who doesn’t

224
Q

What is the Ionean Sea a continuation of?

A

Southern continuation of the Adriatic

225
Q

What’s the main grape varietal for PGI Verdea?

A

PGI Verdea (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos)
Main Varieties: Min. 50% Skiadopoulo, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos)

226
Q

Where do we find some of the highest levels of rainfall in Greece?

A

Ionian Islands, increases fungal infections

227
Q

How many of the 7 Ionian Islands are viticulturally important?

A

4, most important being Cephalonia (Kefalonia)

228
Q

What is the only Ionian Island to possess any PDO’s?

A

Cephalonia

229
Q

What is the most important PDO of Cephalonia?

A

Robola of Cephalonia PDO
- 100% Robolo, dry white
- elegant and refreshing
- appellation is fragmented

230
Q

Where do the best examples of Robola of Cephalonia come from?

A

The rich slopes of Mount Ainos, rocky limestone

231
Q

Muscat of Cephalonia can be made in three methods:

A
  • Vin doux
  • Vin doux naturel
  • Vin naturellement doux
232
Q

What dessert wine is made in Cephalonia? (Ionian Islands) (there are 2)

A

Muscat of Cephalonia PDO
- located on the western end of the island
- made exclusively from Muscat Blanc
Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia
- fortified sweet red
- made from Mavrodaphne and Mavri Korintiaki

233
Q

To be labelled as Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO, the wine must be _____

A

Fortified, though no specific method is required

234
Q

Dessert wines of Cephalonia:

A

Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia
Muscat of Cephalonia

235
Q

What grapes is Mavrodaphne of Cephalonia PDO made from?

A

Styles: fortified sweet red
Authorized varieties: minimum 50% Mavrodaphne, plus Mavri Korinthiaki (the latter must be co-fermented)

236
Q

What is the Zakynthos appellation known for?

A

Verdea PGI (Traditional Appellation of Zakynthos) the only other Traditional PGI wine besides Retsina
Main Varieties: Min. 50% Skiadopoulo, plus Pavlos, Robola, Goustolidi, Avgoustiatis (up to 34 varieties are planted on the island of Zakynthos)

237
Q

Verdea PGI Regulations?

A
  • min 50% Skiadopoulo (white)
  • high in alcohol, dry, oxidative tone from extended aging
238
Q

What grape does we find on the Lefkada Island north of Cephalonia?

A

Vertzami (Lefkaditiko)
- high sugar phenolic grape

239
Q

What are the 4 islands of the Aegean Islands?

A
  • Cyclades
  • Dodecanese
  • North Aegean
  • Sporades
240
Q

PDO’s of the Aegean Islands (Cyclades):

A

Santorini
Paros
Rhodes
Lamnos
Samos
Muscat of Rhodes
Muscat of Samos
Malvasia Paros

241
Q

What is the soil of Santorini (Cyclades, Aegean Islands)?

A

Very poor volcanic soil, almost no organic matter
- tinted black with volcanic basalt
- no phylloxera

242
Q

Most widely-planted grape in Santorini?

A

Assyrtiko, 80% of all vines

243
Q

What are Santorini’s other white grapes/blending partners?

A

Athiri
Aidani
Thrapsathiri
Platani

244
Q

What are Santorini’s red grapes?

A

Mandilaria
Mavrotragano
Aidani Mavro

245
Q

Santorini Vin Santo regulations:

A

Vinsanto: Min. 51% Assyrtiko, plus Athiri, Aidani, and “small amounts” of other traditional grapes, including Katsanó, Monemvassia, Gaidouria,
Vinsanto: Vintage wines must be aged for at least 2 years in barrels, and aging must occur on the islands of Thera or Thirasia. If released with an aging statement rather than a vintage, vinsanto must have been aged in an oxidative manner for at least 4 years. The aging statement on the bottle may only be listed as a multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16, etc.).

246
Q

What unusual dry wine is a historic product of Santorini?

A

Nykteri (Also included in the PDO)
- made with very ripe grapes that are harvest before dawn and pressed w/in a day
- aged for a min three months in barrel
- flor develops
- full-bodied, distinctive wine high in both alcohol and acidity

247
Q

What is the red dessert wine “Mezza” produced from?

A

air-dried Mandilaria grapes from Rhodes in Aegean Islands

248
Q

What is Paros PDO’s other major product?

A

Marble, Aegean Islands

249
Q

Where would we find the Mount Profitis peak?

A

Paros PDO

250
Q

What is the only instance of a dry red PDO in Greece allowing the inclusion of a white grape?

A

Paros PDO
allows min 35% Mandilaria (red) co-fermented with Monemvasia (white)

251
Q

What is the largest Dodecanese Island? Mountain?

A

Dodecanese is within Aegean Islands
- Rhodes PDO is largest island
- Mount Atavyros

252
Q

Rhodes was formerly a large producer of ______

A

“Greek Champagne”
Tradition of sparkling wine
producer is CAIR, an unofficial cooperative

253
Q

What are the grapes of Rhodes?

A

Athiri (White)
Mandilaria (Red)
Assyrtiko (White)
Malagousia (White)

254
Q

What grape is indigenous to the Island of Rhodes?

A

Mavrothiriko

255
Q

White, still, or sparkling wines in Rhodes must be composed of _______

A

min 70% Athiri (w/ a balance of Assyrtiko and Malagousia)

256
Q

Rhode’s reds and roses must be composed of _____

A

a min 70% Madilaria w/ a balance of Mavrothiriko

257
Q

Nickname for Muscat Blanc?

A

Moschato Aspro

258
Q

Out of the 5 north Aegean Islands, which 2 possess PDO’s for sweet muscat?

A

Lemnos PDO
Samos PDO

259
Q

What mountain do we find on Samos?

A

Mount Ampelo

260
Q

The Slopes of Mount Ampelos PGI is for the production of?

A

dry whites from Muscat

261
Q

Synonym for Madilaria?

A

Amorgiano

262
Q

What are the national spirits of Greece?

A

Tsipouro
Ouzo

263
Q

What are the differences between Tsipouro and Ouzo?

A

Tsiopouro is SOMETIMES anise-flavored, Ouzo is ALWAY anise-flavored. Both are from distilled grape pomace, Ouzo is served w/ small plates called Mezedes at weddings.

264
Q

First commercial distillery for Ouzo?

A

Tyrnavos in 1856

265
Q

Min % ABV for Ouzo?

A

37.5%

266
Q

Where would we find a dry red from the native Limnio grape?

A

the PDO of Lemnos (Aegean Islands)

267
Q

Muscat of Lemnos PDO?

A
  • made from Muscat of Alexandria
  • fully sweet
  • wines made be dried/and or fortified
  • considered second in quality to Samos, more fruit-forward and simplistic
268
Q

Which “seas” does Crete seperate?

A

Aegean and Libyan

269
Q

Crete is divided into two by a large mountain range, are you more likely to find viticulture in the North of South?

A

North, best sites sit on higher slopes

270
Q

What is the soil of Crete?

A

more fertile than Cyclades, has more limestone mixed with clay

271
Q

What are Crete’s most important districts for viticulture?

A

Iraklio (most important) - contains 5/7 of Crete’s PDO’s, leader of commerce and viticulture, complex mountain topography
Hania

272
Q

What are Crete’s highest peaks?

A

Mount Psiloritis
Mount Lefka Ori
Mount Dikti

273
Q

Peza PDO is from where?

A

Peza PDO - Iraklio District - Crete

274
Q

What are wines from Peza PDO made from? (Crete)

A

Whites - Vidana
Reds - Katsifali, Mandilaria

275
Q

What are Sitia PDO wines made from? (Crete)

A

Authorized Varieties:
White: Min. 70% Vilana, plus Thrapsathiri
Red: 80% Liatiko, plus Mandilaria (Mandilari)
Natural Sweet Red Wine: 100% Liatiko

276
Q

Dessert wines from Sitia PDO must be made entirely from ________

A

100% Liatiko (natural sweet red wine)

277
Q

Name the famous Greek philosopher who praised the wines of the island of Lesbos?

A

Plato

278
Q

In Greek wine, what does the term “Krasis” refer to?

A

The blend of different grape varieties.

279
Q

What does the term “Nykteri” mean in the context of Greek wines?

A

Nykteri is a traditional wine from Santorini that is made during the night harvest.

280
Q

Name the Greek god of wine, winemaking, and grape cultivation.

A

Dionysus

281
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content required for a wine to be labeled as “Vinsanto” in Greece?

A

14%

282
Q

What is the traditional Greek toast used when raising a glass of wine?

A

“Yamas!”

283
Q

Which famous Greek winery is credited with reviving the ancient art of Retsina production using modern techniques?

A

Tetramythos Winery

284
Q

Which Greek winery produces the renowned red wine “Skouras Grand Cuvée” from the Agiorgitiko grape variety?

A

Domaine Skouras

285
Q

Which winery is credited with producing the first single-varietal Malagousia wine, bringing recognition to this ancient Greek grape variety?

A

Ktima Pavlidis

286
Q

Describe wines from Samos PDO?

A

Dry to fortified white wines made from Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

287
Q

What is considered the national drink of Greece? What is a classic food pairing ?

A

Ouzo

Octopus, sardines and shellfish are perfect food match.

288
Q

Achaia Clauss, Antonopoulos, Katogi Averoff, Kourtakis, Parparoussis and Tetramythos are all great well known producers from wich PDO?

A

Patras PDO

289
Q

What’s the color of each grape?
Malagousia
Robola
Mandilaria
Agiorgitiko
Moschofilero
Ronditis
Kotsifali
Limnio
Savatiano
Assyrtiko
Xinomavro
Mavrodaphne

A

Malagousia—-White
Robola———-White
Mandilaria——Red
Agiorgitiko——Red
Moschofilero—White
Ronditis———-White.
Kotsifali———-Red
Limnio————Red.
Savatiano——–White
Assyrtiko———White
Xinomavro——Red
Mavrodaphne—Red

290
Q

Most famous Greek beer?

A

Mythos

291
Q

The PDO of Amynteo is allowed to produce what types of sparkling wine?

A

Dry and semi-sweet rosé

292
Q

Name the three Xinomavro-dominant PDOs of Macedonia

A

Goumenissa, Naoussa, Amynteo

293
Q

What is the Greek equivalent of grappa?

A

Tsipouro

294
Q

By what means does the Nemea PDO allow for the production of sweet wine?

A

Vin de Liqueur, Vin Doux Naturel, Vin Naturellement Doux, adding concentrated grape must to dry wines

295
Q

What is/are Asproudes?

A

A catch-all term for indigenous white grapes

296
Q

Malvasia is commonly thought to derive its name from this peninsula that recently achieved its own PDO

A

Monemvassia

297
Q

Stylistically what should you expect from Nykteri wines?

A

Alcoholically strong, possibly barrel influenced white wines that show some oxidative character

298
Q

What indigenous grape does the CAIR winery of Rhodes most commonly use for their sparkling wines?

A

Athiri

298
Q

From what milk(s) may Feta be made?

A

Sheep’s milk with upwards of 30% goat milk

299
Q

Which of the following PDO has the highest elevation range?
Lemnos
Naoussa
Goumenissa
Mantinia

A

Lemnos 0-300 masl

Naoussa 80-350 masl

Goumenissa 150-300 masl

Mantinia $$ 660masl avg

300
Q

What is the aging requirements for Mavrodaphne of Patras Grand Reserve?
Min. 3yr after final blend
Min. 5 yr, min 2 years in oak/2 years in bottle
Min. 7 yr, min 3 years in oak/3 years in bottle
Min. 10 yr, min 4 years in oak/4 years in bottle

A

Min. 3yr after final blend
Min. 5 yr, min 2 years in oak/2 years in bottle
Min. 7 yr, min 3 years in oak/3 years in bottle $$$
Min. 10 yr, min 4 years in oak/4 years in bottle

301
Q

Name a PDO that produces Vin doux Naturel from Pelopennese?

A

Monemvasia-Malvasia - Min. 51% Monemvassia, Assyrtiko, Asproudas min. 2 years oxidative aging

Muscat of Patras - VdN, VdN Grand Cru, (+VdL) 100% Moschato Aspro

Muscat of Rio Patras - VdN Gran

302
Q

What Aegean Island is Santorini on?

A

Thea

303
Q

What is “Aspa”?

A

Name of the volcanic soil in Santorini.

304
Q

The soils of Santorini are exceptionally poor of ________________, resulting in low pH soils which gives Assyrtiko its high-acid profile

A

Iron
Magnesium
Calcium
Potassium $$

305
Q

What does Nikteri/Nychteri mean on this label?

A

Means “Night”, grapes are pressed at night, $60 retail

306
Q

Name 2 producers of Greek Brandy?

A

Metaxa - top producer
Dark Cave - 5yr Tsipouro

307
Q

What island of Greece is farthest to the east?

A

Rhodes, close to Turkey

308
Q

White Gran Reserva wines may not age in barrels larger than what size

A

600L

309
Q

What does Cava mean on a PGI label?

A

Refers to oak aging

310
Q

What does Palaiomenos se vareli mean on a label?

A

for wines labeled Cava, Reserve, or Grand Reserve it means the wine has aged longer than the minimum required

311
Q

What are two major wines included in the PDO category?

A

Retsina (pine resin aromatized wine), Verdea (an oxidative white wine produced on the island of Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea)*PGI category integrates the wines of Greece’s former Vin de Payes category- Topikos Inos

312
Q

PGI zones are divided into what levels?

A

Regional-major regions of Greece ex: Peleponnese district- peripheral units (a political state) area- so small it may be only a single estate

313
Q

Though Greece abounds in dessert wine, Grand Cru designation only applies to what grapes?

A

Certain Muscats, sweet Liatiko from Crete’s Daphnes PDO

314
Q

What regions are included in the Greek mainland?

A

Thrace, Macedonia, Central Greece (Sterea Ellada), Peleponnese, Macedonia, Epirus, Thessalia,

315
Q

The Greek Islands are broadly categorized into what two categories?

A

Aegean, Ionian

316
Q

All 33 of Greece’s PDO’s are dedicated to indigenous varieties except which two?

A

Slopes of Meliton and Messenikola

317
Q

What is the generic term for white grapes?

A

Asproudi (aspro=white), plural Asproudes

318
Q

How many wineries does Boutari have and where?

A

7- Noussa, Santorini, Crete, Matinia, Goumenissa, Attica

319
Q

How many wineries does Tsantali have and where?

A

6- Noussa, Santorini Rapsani, Mount Athos, Halkidiki, Thrace

320
Q

Who are two of the larger producers that dominate the wine industry of modern Greece?

A

Boutari and Tsantali

321
Q

What are the two levels fo PDO quality wine?

A

Controlled appellation of origini (AOC, OPE)- reserved for sweet wines / Appellation of Superior Qualty (AOSQ, OPAP)

322
Q

What is the best SPK (and one of the country’s only) produced by Domaine Tselepos?

A

Amalia Brut- Moshofilero, named after Yiannis’ wife, traditional method

323
Q

What cooperative from Rhodes was the only traditional method SPK producer in Greece for decades?

A

CAIR (Campagnia Agricola Industriale Rodi) which mainly utitlized the Athiri grape

324
Q

Where is most sparkling wine production coming from?

A

Zitsa, Epirus Amyndeo, Island of Rhodes

325
Q

Which varieties are often encountered in Greek fizz?

A

Debina, Xinomavro, Athiri, Moschofilero

326
Q

Thesaly is a large fertile plain surrounded by what mountain range?

A

The Pindos Mountains- includes Mt. Olympus

327
Q

What are the most planted grapes of Thessaly?

A

Muscat of Hamburg- for table grapes and Tsipouro mostly and Roditis; once home to many native grapes but phyloxerra chang

328
Q

What is the topography of the Rapsani PDO?

A

Composed of a handful of villages on the southeastern slopes of Mount Olympus at 150-800 meters

329
Q

What are the grapes of Rapsani PDO?

A

principal: Xinomavro / authorized: Krassato, Stavroto (Ambelakiotiko); historically these were all parts of a blend; these are produced as dry reds, reserve or grand reserve

330
Q

What winery owns no vineyards in Rapsani but vinifies 95% of its fruit?

A

Tsantali

331
Q

What region neighboring Thrace is home to some of Greece’s best dry wines?

A

Macedonia

332
Q

What are the four PDO regions of Macedonia?

A

Amynteo PDO
Goumenissa PDO
Naoussa PDO
Slopes of Meliton PDO

333
Q

Which of Macedonia’s PDOs produce reds solely from the firmly tannic Xonomavro grape?

A

Naoussa PDO
Amynteo PDO

334
Q

Which PDO produces lighter Xinomavro wines with the addition of at least 20% Negoska?

A

Goumenissa PDO

335
Q

Which PDO is home to Boutari and authorized for dry, semi-dry, and semi-sweet Xinomavro?

A

Naoussa PDO

336
Q

What grapes make the red PDO wines of Slopes of Meliton?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
the native Limnio

337
Q

What are the white grapes of Slopes of Meliton?

A

Assyrtiko, Athiri, Rhoditis

338
Q

Evangelos Gerovassilious, the winemaker who launched Domaine Carras to international acclaim under guidance of Emile Peynaud, brought back what white grape from the brink of extinction?

A

Malagousia

339
Q

What is made in Zitsa PDO?

A

dry, semisweet and sparkling wines from the Debinia grape

340
Q

What port city is on Macedonia’s coast and also Greece’s second largest city?

A

Thessaloniki

341
Q

What style of wine is the specialty of Macedonia?

A

reds from Xinomavro

342
Q

What other red grape is also widely planted but not considered as high in quality and not included in PDOs?

A

Moschomavro

343
Q

The western rim of Macedonia bumps up against what mountain range?

A

Pindos Range

344
Q

What district (also a PGI) contains Amynteo PDO?

A

Florina- one of the coldest pockets of Greece

345
Q

What is the topography of Amynteo PDO?

A

Occupies plateau that sits between 520-720m, vineyards are mostly flat, plateau is ringed by mountains, features some of Greece’s only lakes which moderate the climate wine which is continental

346
Q

What are the main soils of Amynteo PDO?

A

In some places limestone and loam are prevalent but dominant soil is sand

347
Q

What styles of wine are made in the Amynteo PDO?

A

only Xinomavro (variety of styles through red, rosé, and SPK (sweet or dry)

348
Q

In addition to Amynteo, what are the other Xinomavro appellations (PDOs) of Macedonia? How do they differ from Amynteo in style?

A

Naoussa and Goumenissa; Amynteo is leaner and lighter because it Is colder

349
Q

To be labeled PDO Amynteo sparkling must be what style?

A

Xinomavro rosé (PGI Blanc de Noirs and sparkling Assyrtiko can be great also)

350
Q

Naoussa’s vineyards are on the slopes of what mountain?

A

Mount Vermion (popular ski destination)

351
Q

Which winery was the first to bottle wine in Greece and started in Naoussa in 1879?

A

Boutari

352
Q

What is the vineyard topography , soil and size of Slopes of Meliton?

A

450 hectares under vine; one of the largest vineyards in Greece; sandy loam with limestone, vineyards 100-350m, many steep with terracing; Mediterannean climate

353
Q

What is the sole commune of production for Slopes of Meliton PDO?

A

Neos Marmaras

354
Q

What area (a district PDO) is east of Naoussa PDO, along the Aegean coast, one of the most widely planted parts of Macedonia and readily identified by three fingerlike penninsulas?

A

Halkidiki PGI

355
Q

What PDO is home to Domaine Porto Carras?

A

Slopes of Meliton PDO; monopole; central peninsula of Halkidiki

356
Q

What commune of Naoussa PDO is home to Kir-Yianni?

A

Ramnista

357
Q

What PDO in Thessalia, south of Macedonia, includes four villages on the lower slopes of Mount Olympus?

A

Rapsani PDO- the southernmost outpost for the Xinomavro+B78:B87 grape; tannin and acid are softened by the warmer climate an mandatory blending with the lighter Krasato and Stavroto grapes

358
Q

What are all 3 PDO regions in Thessalia?

A

Rapsani PDO
Anchialalos PDO
Messenikola PDO

359
Q

What type of wines are produced in the high-altitude Anchialos PDO?

A

White wines blended from Roditis (min 75%) and Savvatiano (max 25%)

360
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the Messenikola PDO?

A

Dry reds from min 70% Mavro Messenikola and a max 30% combined Syrah/Carignan

361
Q

What is the sole PDO of Epirus?

A

Zitsa PDO

362
Q

What is the center of production for Retsina?

A

Attiki, the region surrounding Athens in Central Greece (Sterea Ellada)

363
Q

Are there any PDO zones in Central Greece?

A

No

364
Q

What are the main grapes of Central Greece?

A

Savvatiano- preferred for Retsina, low acid; keeps some verietal character when resinated / Roditis- common name for a closely linked family of pink-skinned grapes

365
Q

Peleponnese, a peninsula only by virtue of the narrow Isthmus of Corinth, directly south of Sterea Ellada has cultivation concentrated where in the region?

A

in the north around the 3 PDO zones

366
Q

What are the three northern PDO zones of Peleponnese?

A

Nemea PDO
Matinia PDO
Patras PDO

367
Q

Both dry and sweet Nemea wines are produced from what grape?

A

Agiorgitiko (Saint George)- softly tannic, intensely fruity, black grape; one of Greece’s noble grapes

368
Q

What is Koutsi?

A

One of the most famous communes of Nemea- Agiorgitiko performs differently throughout the wide range of elevations and terrain in Nemea

369
Q

What is the nickname for the wines of Nemea?

A

“Blood of Hercules”

370
Q

What is the principal grape of Matinia PDO?

A

Moschofilero- min 85% with Asproudes

371
Q

Patras is an appellation for dry white wines from what grape?

A

100% Roditis

372
Q

What are the three dessert wine PDOs of Patras?

A

Muscat of Patras PDO
Muscat of Rio Patras PDO
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO

373
Q

What category of dessert wine are Muscat of Patras and Muscat of Rio Patras?

A

May be either VDN or naturally sweet in style

374
Q

What grape is the Muscat used in Patras wines?

A

Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains

375
Q

What are the two grapes of Mavrodaphne of Patras?

A

Mavrodaphne (“black laurel”) and Mavri Kornthiaki (a currant grape used to enrich the sugar content of the wine)

376
Q

What style of wine is made in Monemvassia-Malvasia PDO, a small zone on the southeastern coast of Peleponnese?

A

Sweet white wines from min. 51% Monemvassia (Malvasia) w/ Assyrtiko, Asproudes, Hydonitsa ; aged oxidatively for 2 years

377
Q

What is the largest PDO of Peleponnese and Greece?

A

Patras PDO

378
Q

The Peleponnese is separated from the mainland by which body of water?

A

The Gulf of Corinth

379
Q

What is the topography of the Peleponnese?

A

Mountainous seven peaks approach 2,000m; these mountains are mainly limestone and mark the beginning of the Hellenic trench, an important fault area where the African plate and the Eurasian plate meet

380
Q

What Aegean wind affects the Peloponnese?

A

Meltemi

381
Q

What are the only PDO regions to allow Rose production in Greece?

A

Amynteo (in Macedonia) and Rhodes.

382
Q

What is the island of Samos most known for?

A

Samos PDO
Liastos, VDN (GC), VDL
100% Moscato Aspro.

The Liastos is called Samos Nectar
similar to vin de Paille
Up to 5 years aging.
Dried to 300 g/L.

383
Q

What is Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains known as in Samos?

A

Moscato Aspro

384
Q

What are the aging classification of PDO wines in Greece?

A

Reserve

Grand Reserve

Palaiomenos se vareli

385
Q

What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Goumenissa?

A

Macedonia
Dry reds from Xinomavro with 20% min Negoska

386
Q

What is the southernmost outpost for Xinomovro? Any other grapes allowed?

A

Rapsani
near Mount Olympus in Thessalia.
Krassato and Stavroto

387
Q

What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Anchialos?

A

Thessalia
dry to semi sweet whites
80% Roditits plus max 20% Savvatiano.

388
Q

What is the location and what are the styles and varieties of Messinikola?

A

Thessalia

dry reds from 70% Messinikola
plus Carignan and Syrah.

389
Q

What is vinsanto?

A

sweet dried grape wine made on Santorini
51% Assyrtiko plus Aidani and others.
Aged for a minimum of two years.

390
Q

What are the grand crus of Greece?

A

The following all have single vineyard grand cru designations.

Muscat of Rhodes
Muscat of Lemnos
Muscat of Cephalonia
Muscat of Patras
Muscat of Rio Patras
Samos
Dafnes

391
Q

What is Liastos?

A

A sun-dried wine

392
Q

What is Achaia Clauss?

A

Winery in Patras (famous for Mavrodaphne)

393
Q

What is Gerovassiliou known for?

A

Malagousia in Thessaloniki.

394
Q

What countries border Greece?

A

Albania
Macedonia
Bulgaria
Turkey

395
Q

What is Mavroudi?

A

An indigenous variety in Greece but also a generic term for unknown red grapes (mavro means “black”).

396
Q

How much pine resin is allowed in Retsina production? How is it added?

A

Sap is added during first half of fermentation and can account for .15 to 1.0 % of the wines final volume.

397
Q

What is Kokkineli?

A

Rose of Retsina made from Roditis

398
Q

Which wine region has the hottest climate of Greece?

A

Attica is hottest and also the driest

399
Q

Why do Assyrtiko and Aidani thrive on Santorini?

A

They are very drought tolerant.

Wood of trunks is very hard and protects the grapes from the wind.

Naturally high in acid despite the hot climate.

400
Q

What color are the skins of Roditis?

A

Pink

401
Q

Where is Mount Vernon?

A

Naoussa

402
Q

Where is Mount Paiko?

A

Goumenissa

403
Q

What is a Mezza?

A

Red dessert wine made from air dried Mandilaria on Santorini

404
Q

Why are most vines of Crete on the northern half of the island?

A

E/W mountains block the hot African wind that blows from the South.

405
Q

What is an “Ampeylon”?

A

“Chateau”

406
Q

Mountains of Crete?

A

Psiloritis (Ida)

Greece (6 decks)

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