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South Africa > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Most planted white grape

A

Chenin Blanc (Steen)

  • 18.6% of total plantings
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2
Q

Jan van Riebeeck

A
  • Of the Dutch East India Company
  • Founded Cape Town
  • 1655: est. SA’s 1st vineyard
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3
Q

Muscat Blanc á Petits Grains

Synonym

A

Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel

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4
Q

Year KWV (Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika) formed

A

1918

  • With the support of 90% of South Africa’s growers
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5
Q

KWV

A

KWV (Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika)

  • Cooperative of wine producers and growers
  • Formed as a result of plummeting prices and over-supply
  • Fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production and established production limits
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6
Q

Year KWV transformed into a wine company

A

1997

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7
Q

End of apartheid

A

1994

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8
Q

SAWIT

Year Est.

A

South African Wine Industry Trust (SAWIT)

  • est 1999
  • Speed transformation of South African wine
  • Empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave- and arpatheid-era labor practices
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9
Q

Year Wine of Origin (WO) system was it introduced

A

The Wine of Origen (WO) sytem

  • Introduced in 1973
  • Compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of the wine for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms that the wine shows the correct organoleptic qualitites for its cultivar (variety) and age
  • Wine also undergoes scientific analysis
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10
Q

Number of cultivars (varieties) authorized by Wine of Origin (WO)

A

appx 90

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11
Q

WO Label Requirements (as of 2006)

  • Varietal:
  • Vintage:
  • Area:
A
  • Varietal: 85%
  • Vintage: 85%
  • Area: 100%
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12
Q

4 types of production areas, in descending order of size

A
  • Geographical unit
  • Region
  • District
  • Ward
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13
Q

South Africas: Single Vineyard Wine

A

6 ha or less

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14
Q

6 large Geographical Areas

A
  • Western Cape
  • Northern Cape
  • Eastern Cape
  • Kwazulu-Natal
  • Limpopo
  • Free State
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16
Q

1 Ward of the Eastern Cape

A

St. Francis Bay

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17
Q

6 Regions of the Western Cape

A

*All SA Regions located in the Western Cape

  • Coastal Region
  • Cape South Coast
  • Breede River Valley
  • Klein Karoo
  • Olifants River
  • Boberg
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18
Q

5 production areas of the Northern Cape

A
  • Districts (w/o a region)
    • Douglas
    • Sutherland-Karoo
  • Wards (w/o a district)
    • Central Orange River (formerly Lower Orange)
    • Hartswater
    • Prieska
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21
Q

Western Cape’s southernmost district

A

Cape Agulhas

  • Coolest climate in the country; vs Northern Cape areas along the Orange River which experience a hot, arid climate and are generally only suitable for bulk wines
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22
Q

Stellenbosch district’s two most planted varietals

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc

  • Followed by Merlot, Shiraz, and Chenin Blanc
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23
Q

7 wards within the Stellenbosch district

A

W to E

  • Polkadraai Hills
  • Bottelary
  • Devon Valley
  • Papegaaiberg
  • Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
  • Jonkershoek Valley
  • Banghoek
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24
Q

District home to the KWV (founding partner in SAWIT)

A

Paarl (“pearl”)

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25
Q

Paarl district’s largest producer

A

Nederburg

  • Over 40 bottlings in its range
  • 1st house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa
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26
Q

1st house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa

A

Nederburg

  • Paarl district’s largest producer with over 40 bottlings in its range
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27
Q

1st year of the Nederburg Wine Auction

A

1975

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28
Q

Year Franschhoek Valley acheive status as a separate district apart from Paarl

A

2010

  • 2012 - Wellington followed with its own district status
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29
Q

Grape used to make Constantia

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain

  • aka Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel
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30
Q

2nd most planted white grape in South Africa

A

Chardonnay

  • after Chenin Blanc
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31
Q

Cape Doctor

A
  • Strong SE wind that blows through the Western Cape in the Spring and Summer
  • Inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperatures
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32
Q

Teinturier grape used in Constantia

A

Pontac

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33
Q

Hanepoot

A

Muscat of Alexandria

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34
Q

River that runs through the Northern Cape

A

Orange River

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35
Q

Cape Riesling

A

Crouchen Blanc

36
Q

Boberg

A
  • Fortified Wines
  • Paarl, Franschhoek, Tulbagh, Wellington
37
Q

2 districts responsible for 25% of SA’s wine and spirits and 20% of the nation’s acreage

A

Worcester & Breedekloof

  • Breede River Valley region
38
Q

Free State

1 Ward (w/o District)

A

Rietrivier FS

39
Q

What does the seal indicate?

A
  • Appears on each bottle of wine or estate brandy which has been certified by the Wine and Spirit Board
  • Guarantees origin, cultivar, vintage
  • Identification numbers indicate the strict control by the Wine and Spirit Board, from pressing of the grapes to certifying the final product
40
Q

% of Total plantings

  • white grapes
  • red grapes
A
  • white grapes: 55.2% of total plantings
  • red grapes: 44.8% of total plantings
41
Q

% of Total Plantings
Chenin Blanc

A

18.6%

42
Q

Most planted red variety

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

  • ​Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
  • Shiraz 10.3%
  • Pinotage 7.4%
  • Merlot 5.8%
43
Q

% of Total Plantings
Shiraz

A

10.3%

  • Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
  • Shiraz 10.3%
  • Pinotage 7.4%
  • Merlot 5.8%
44
Q

4 most planted red grapes

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
  • Shiraz 10.3%
  • Pinotage 7.4%
  • Merlot 5.8%
45
Q

South Africa rank in world wide production

A

7th

46
Q

Jerepigo

A
  • Fortified unfermented grape juice, mistelle
    *VDL, Hanepoot
47
Q

‘MCC’

A

Method Cap Classique

  • Classic Champagne Method, 2nd fermentation in the bottle
  • Term Cap Classique has been used since 1992
  • 12 mo lees
49
Q

White Muscadel

A
  • Fortified wine
  • Mostly made from Muscat d’Alexandrie
  • appx 150-200 g/l rs
  • appx 17% abv
  • Producers:
    • Nuy Red Muscadel
    • Orange River White Muscadel
    • Graham Beck Rhona Muscadel
    • Rietvallei Muscadel 1908
50
Q

Fortified Muscadel Producers

A
  • Nuy Red Muscadel
  • Orange River White Muscadel
  • Graham Beck Rhona Muscadel
  • Rietvallei Muscadel 1908
51
Q

MCC

Aging requirements

A

12 months on lees

52
Q

Who planted the first vines in South Africa, and when?

A

Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company in 1655, when he founded Cape Town.

53
Q

What is the KWV?

A

The Ko-operative Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika, a co-op of wine growers and producers formed in 1918 to fix minimum prices, determine winegrowing areas, and establish production limits.

54
Q

What is the biggest long-standing problem for the South African wine industry?

A

Overproduction and surplus

55
Q

What is SAWIT?

A

The South African Wine industry Trust, established in 1999 to empower black workers.

56
Q

What is SAWIS?

A

South African Wine Information and Systems; in 2002, the South African Wine and Spirit board began to offer quality certifications through SAWIS in accordance with the WO system.

57
Q

When was the Wine and Spirits Control Act passed? What did it do?

A

1924 - it formalized the powers of the KWV.

58
Q

When was the Wine of Origin (WO) system introduced? What does it require?

A

1973
Producers must submit samples to prove that the wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar and age. The cultivar must be on the authorized list (a general list for all of SA, irrespective of region).

59
Q

%’s for labeling

A

Vintage: not specified
Varietal: 85% for a single varietal; if multiple varietals are listed, each must comprise 20% of the blend, and they cannot be co-fermented.
Area: 100%

60
Q

Is the WO certification mandatory?

A

No, it’s voluntary, but without it, you cannot list cultivar, region, vineyard, estate bottled, etc.

61
Q

What are the four types of production area, in descending size?

A

Geographical Unit, Region, District, Ward

62
Q

What are the requirements for Single Vineyard Wine?

A

100% must come from the vineyard, and the vineyard itself must be less than 6ha in size.

63
Q

What is required for Estate wine?

A

All estate fruit from contiguous parcels of land, vinified and bottled on a single property.

64
Q

What is IPW, and what are the guidelines?

A

The Integrated Production of Wine Scheme, launched in 1998, a voluntary means of certifying sustainable environmental standards.
Guidelines are set for agricultural, manufacturing, and packaging practices. Some major point include:
worker safety measures
handling of wastewater
carbon emissions
use of pesticides and other chemicals
vineyard biodiversity

65
Q

What is required to gain the “sustainable wine of origin seal”? How popular is it?

A

Wines must score a minimum of 60% on IPW evaluation, and qualify for WO status.
As of 2011, 85% of WO wine carried the new seal; it is expected that in the future virtually all WO wines will be qualified.

66
Q

What are the geographical units of South Africa?

A 
Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape
Kwazulu-Natal
Limpopo
67
Q

What are the districts of the Northern Cape? Do they contain any wards?

A

Douglas
Sutherland-Karoo
NO

68
Q

What are the independent wards of the Northern Cape?

A

Hartswater
Central Orange River
Rietrivier

69
Q

What is the single smaller region in the Eastern Cape? Is it a district or a ward?

A

A ward: St. Francis Bay

70
Q

What are the six regions of the Western Cape?

A 
Coastal Region
Cape South Coast
Breede River Valley
Klein Karoo
Olifants River
Boberg
71
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A

A strong southeasterly wind, which inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperature.

72
Q

In general terms, assess the geology of South Africa

A

Quite possibly the oldest viticultural soils in the world, folded and uplifted by tectonic movement dating back 500-1000 million years.
Sandstone mountain ranges with granitic foothills, shale hills surrounding.
Some plutons - intrusions of igneous magma, resulting in crystalline, granitoid hills, sometimes with sandstone above.

73
Q

What is the local synonym for Chenin Blanc?

A

Steen

74
Q

What is Cape Riesling?

A

A synonym for Crouchen Blanc, unrelated to Riesling

75
Q

What is the local synonym for Muscat of Alexandria?

A

Hanepoot

76
Q

What is the parentage of Pinotage?

A

Pinot Noir x Cinsault

77
Q

Who created Pinotage?

A

Abraham Perold in 1925

78
Q

What are the major white grapes of South Africa?

A

Steen, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Colombard, Gewurztraminer, Hanepoort, Cape Riesling

79
Q

What are the major red grapes of South Africa?

A

Pinotage, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Tinta Barroca, Pontac (Teinturier)

80
Q

How are fortified sytles named as of 2012?

A

Cape Port, Cape Tawny, Cape Ruby, etc.

81
Q

What is jerepigo?

A

Mistelle; may be red or white

82
Q

What are soetes?

A

“Stickies” - refers to sweet wines.

83
Q

Sugar levels for Still Wines

A

Extra Dry: max 2.5g/L
Dry: max 5 g/L (up to 9g/L if TA is within 2g/L of RS)
Semi-dry: 5-12g/L (up to 18g/L if TA is within 2g/L of RS)
Semi-sweet: 5-30g/L
Late Harvest: min 20g/L
Special Late Harvest: “lighter” style, usually over 20g/L, if under must be labeled dry/semi-dry/etc.
Natural Sweet: min 20g/L
Noble Late Harvest: min 50g/L, botrytized

South Africa (9 decks)

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