General Flashcards
What is the classic triad for asthma?
- intermittent dyspnea
- cough
- wheezing
What is the most commonly used lung function screening study for asthma?
spirometry
What is the treatment for the following:
a. intermittent asthma
b. mild persistent asthma
c. mod persistent asthma
d. severe persistent asthma
a. intermittent asthma = Albuterol (SABA) PRN
b. mild persistent asthma = Fluticasone + SABA PRN
c. mod persistent asthma = either increase ICS OR add LABA to ICS + SABA PRN
d. severe persistent asthma = refer to specialist
What is the major complication of influenza?
pneumonia
What is the treatment for uncomplicated pneumonia?
- Amoxicillin + Macrolide OR Doxycycline
What is the treatment for complicated pneumonia?
- Augmentin + Macrolide OR Doxycycline
What is the treatment for bacterial pharyngitis?
Penicillin
What is the treatment for pertussis (whooping cough)?
Azithromycin
What is the screening recommendation for colon cancer?
colonoscopy every 10 years starting at 45
What is the most common blood-borne pathogen in the U.S.?
Hep C
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
Lateral epicondylitis is inflammation of what muscle?
extensor carpi radialis brevis
What ligament is injured in a lateral ankle sprain?
ATFL
How do you measure motor and reflex of L4?
- motor = resist ankle dorsiflexion
- reflex = patella
How do you measure motor innervation of L5?
- great toe extension
* no reflex for this one*
How do you measure motor and reflex of S1?
- motor = resisted eversion and heel raise
- reflex = achilles
Chronic pain as characterized as lasting > ___ months.
3
How is gastroenteritis defined?
The passage of loose or watery stools at least 3 times within 24 hour period
What is the mainstay of treatment for chronic constipation?
fiber and bulk forming laxatives (e.g. Metamuci)
What are the 4 red flags in patient with IBS?
- weight loss
- FMHx of CRC
- iron deficiency anemia
- FMHx of IBD/celiac
What is the first line of treatment for IBS?
lifestyle adjustment
How is small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) diagnosed and treated?
- diagnosed = breath test
- treated = rifaximin
Colon cancer screening should start at what age?
45
What are the 2 neoplastic colonic polyps?
- adenomas
- serrated
What is the first line therapy for uncomplicated UTI?
nitrofurantoin (macrobid) 100 mg BID x 5-7 days
If UTI recurs within 1-2 weeks of treatment what is the next medication to give?
FQLN (broad spectrum)
What 2 medications have the highest incidence in the development of ED?
- beta blockers
- SSRIs
What is the mainstay of treatment for ED?
PDE-5 inhibitors
What is the first line treatment for ejaculatory disorders?
SSRIs
What drug can significantly worsen symptoms of underlying anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder, as well as cardiac disorders
caffeine
How long do the euphoric effects of cannabis last?
How long do the motor/cognitive effects last?
- euphoric effects = 2-4 hours
- motor/cognitive effects =5-12 hours
what medication is good for smoking related to depression or anxiety?
buproprion
what is the most successful drug used for smoking cessation?
chantix (varenicline)
What are the 3 states of sleep architecture?
- awake
- NREM
- REM
Your circadian rhythm is effected by what?
light signals
What drug is great for short term insomnia?
benzodiazepines
What mineral deficiency do you need to evaluate for in restless leg syndrome?
iron
An overnight sleep study is able to do a __________
polysomnogram
What is the threshold for CPAP use in treating OSA?
- Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) >30 events/hour
Narcolepsy is caused by the absence of what neuropeptide?
hypocretin
