Gene technology 1: Genetics brush-up

Question 1

What types of chromatin are there? Which one’s the most dense?

Answer 1

Heterochromatin is denser than euchromatin.

Question 2

What constitutes chromosomes?

Answer 2

DNA gets wrapped around histones to create nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are like pearls in a necklace, which together constitute a chromosome.

Question 3

In what cell cycle step are the chromosomes the most visible?

Answer 3

The Meta phase (in the mitosis phase). The chromosomes are fully heterochromatic in before getting divided to the opposite sides of the cell.

Question 4

What are the 5 substeps of mitosis?

Answer 4

M-phase (mitosis phase) is divided into several steps:
- Prophase
-Prometa phase
- Meta phase (defined by aligned heterochromatic chromosomes)
- Telophase (defined by nuclear membrane assembly around the chromosomes.
- Cytokinesis (cell splitting)

Question 5

Which direction is a DNA strand generated?

Answer 5

5’ –> 3’. This means that the template is read 3’ –> 5’.

Question 6

How many daughter cells are generated by a doploid cells undergoing meiosis?

Answer 6

4 haploid daughter cells.