Gene structure and regulation

Question 1

operon

Answer 1

a group of genes that have been transcribed all together by RNA polymerase and work together as a collective unit.

Question 2

regulatory genes

Answer 2

are genes that produce a product that controls other genes

Question 3

structural genes

Answer 3

are genes that produce proteins that don’t control other genes

Question 4

lac operon

Answer 4

a group of genes that specifically digests lactose (sugar formed in milk) when they are transcribed by RNA polymerase

Question 5

promoter

Answer 5

an upstream region of a gene to which RNA polymerase attaches to, initiating transcription

Question 6

nucleotides

Answer 6

monomers, building blocks of nucleic acids DNA and RNA that consists of a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogen base

Question 7

introns

Answer 7

sections of DNA that does not code for proteins and is spliced during mRNA processing in eukaryotes

Question 8

homeotic genes

Answer 8

genes that determine the type or location of a body part during an organism’s development

Question 9

genetic code

Answer 9

the linear sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNS that determines/codes for the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 10

exon

Answer 10

the region of a gene that codes for a protein

Question 11

codons

Answer 11

basic units of the genetic code. a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA

Question 12

anticodon

Answer 12

the three nucleotides on a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule that join to the codons on mRNA by complementary base pairing during the process of translation

Question 13

gene expression

Answer 13

the synthesis of amino acid sequences that form proteins, occurring through the information stored in DNA as a triplet code within sections called genes.