Energy transformation in cells (5)

Question 1

acceptor molecules ADP and Pi

Answer 1

ADP - adenosine diphosphate contains two phosphate molecules that are involved in the transfer of energy between reactions. It accepts a third phosphate group by phosphorylisation to become ATP. When an ATP molecule is broken down, the energy that was stored in the bond binding the third phosphate group to ADP molecule is released, ATP turns into ADP
Pi - an inorganic phosphate involved in the process of photosynthesis. ATP is broken down into ADP and Pi.

Question 2

anoxic

Answer 2

the total depletion of oxygen levels in the surrounding environment.

Question 3

ATP

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate is an energy molecule that provides the energy needed for carbohydrate synthesis in light-independent reactions. Energy from sunlights is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water which is then converted into pyruvate which releases ATP in cellular respiration.

Question 4

autotrophic

Answer 4

any organism capable of self- nourishment by using inorganic molecules as a source of nutrition and using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis (synthesis of organic compounds) as a source of energy.
* done by most plants, certain bacteria and certain protists.

Question 5

bacteriochlorophyll

Answer 5

are photosynthetic pigments that occur in various phototrophic bacteria, absorb light energy and eventually produce ATP.

Question 6

Calvin cycle

Answer 6

comprises all the light independent reactions that is the biochemical pathway of enzyme catalysed reactions, uses carbon dioxide and the energy in the NADPH and ATP produced in the light dependent reactions to make carbohydrates.

Question 7

chloroplast

Answer 7

organelles within plant cells that are responsible for the production of photosynthesis to provide plants with energy. they capture the energy from sunlight, converts it and stores it as as either ATP or NADPH.

Question 8

endosymbiosis

Answer 8

is the

Question 9

grana

Answer 9

a stack of thylakoids present within the chloroplast

Question 10

proton

Answer 10

protons are driven across a membrane

Question 11

stroma

Answer 11

a colourless fluid matrix surrounding the grana in chloroplasts. it is responsible for managing chloroplast responses to cellular stressors and signalling between various organelles.

Question 12

thylakoid

Answer 12

membrane bound compartments inside chloroplasts that are the site where light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis occur.