Gene regulation Flashcards
Demands for the synthesis of certain proteins may change, for instance in development, during which the degree of expression of several genes can vary according to the precise _____ of the cell and also w/ _____.
location; time
Immediately upstream of the gene is the _____, which is involved in the binding of RNA polymerase II to the DNA template strand.
promoter
Promoters for RNA polymerase II are usually several hundred nucleotides long and often contain a consensus sequence called the _____.
the TATA box (TATAAA)
The TATA box, usually located around _____ upstream of the transcriptional start site, binds, via the so - called ____ subunit of TFIID, to a series of general transcription factors which are relatively abundant proteins used to initiate the transcription of nearly all mRNAs.
25 bp; TATA – binding protein (TBP)
These are relatively abundant proteins used to initiate the transcription of nearly all mRNAs.
Transcription factor
The TATA box, usually located around 25 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, binds, via the so - called TATA-binding protein subunit of _____, to a series of general transcription factors which are relatively abundant proteins used to initiate the transcription of nearly all mRNAs.
TFIID
Basal transcriptional efficiency is commonly aided by the presence of other upstream _____ within the promoter region.
short consensus regulatory sequences
Short consensus regulatory sequences include multiple copies of the so - called _____, which binds the ubiquitous transcription factor SpI, and the _____, which is typically located 75 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site and binds the transcription factors CTF and CBF.
GC box;CAAT box
What does the short consensus regulatory sequence GC box recognize?
TF SpI
What does the short consensus regulatory sequence CAAT box recognize?
TF CTF and CBF
CAAT box, which is typically located _____ bp upstream of the transcriptional start site and binds the transcription factors CTF and CBF.
75
The activity of many promoters is modulated by one or more _____.
enhancers
Enhancers are generally short sequences, with a length of _____ bp, that bind specific transcription factors.
less than 20-30
T/F. Most enhancers function whether on the coding or non - coding strand of DNA and can be located, in either orientation, up to several kilobases from their target promoter.
True
Most enhancers are active only in specific cell types and thus play a central role in _____ of gene expression.
regulating tissue specificity