Gene expression -chuck 1

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

the process by which the instructions in our DNA are converted into a functional product (protein).

Question 2

Nucleic Acids

Answer 2

The two nucleic acids are DNA and RNA . They are polymers (giant molecules) made up of units called nucleotides.

Question 3

Nucleotides

Answer 3

Nucleotides are made up of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group.

Question 4

RNA structure

Answer 4

A single strand of nucleotides (A, G, U, C). Relatively short and transient molecule

Question 5

Role of DNA

Answer 5

The instructions for cell structure and function

Question 6

Coding strand

Answer 6

The side of the DNA that is copied into mRNA and is complementary to DNA. The side involved in protein synthesis.

Question 7

Template strand

Answer 7

The other side of the of the DNA molecule which is copied during protein synthesis. The side not involved in protein synthesis.

Question 8

Triplet

Answer 8

A group of 3 bases coding for a specific amino acid in the DNA

Question 9

Codon

Answer 9

A group of 3 bases in mRNA coding for a specific amino acid

Question 10

Anti-codon

Answer 10

3 bases in tRNA coding complementary to the codon in mRNA

Question 11

Proteins

Answer 11

A folded polypeptide chain

Question 12

mRNA

Answer 12

Messenger RNA carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Question 13

tRNA

Answer 13

Transfer RNAs carry amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

Changing an mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 15

Transcription

Answer 15

Copying a gene from DNA into mRNA

Question 16

Ribosome

Answer 16

Small organelle on the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell which assembles proteins. Made of rRNA and protein

Question 17

Amino acid

Answer 17

Chemical that binds together using peptide bonds to form a protein. Can be made or got from your diet

Question 18

Primary protein structure

Answer 18

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 19

Secondary protein structure

Answer 19

coiling of a polypeptide chain into alpha-helix or folding into beta-pleated sheet. Occurs due to H-bonding between amino acids

Question 20

Tertiary protein structure

Answer 20

Folding of secondary protein structures into a 3D structure. Occurs due to attractions and bonding between amino acids in the secondary protein structures. Some proteins are functional at this stage

Question 21

Quaternary protein structure

Answer 21

2+ tertiary protein structures bonding to form a functional protein

Question 22

Intron

Answer 22

A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes. Removed from mRNA by splicing

Question 23

RNA Splicing

Answer 23

Enzyme controlled process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in mRNA. Also called RNA processing

Question 24

Exon

Answer 24

The coding segments of a DNA or RNA molecule.