Gene expression and ARTS Flashcards
Determination
cells will follow a specific developmental pathway
differentiation
cells specialize to perform a specific function
Define gene expression
Genes are expressed aka “turned on” or not expressed depending on the types of protein needed by the cell
True or False: protein-encoding gene contains some controls over its own expression level
True
What 2 processes does the control of gene expression occur in?
chromatin remodeling -on/off switch
mircoRNAs- dimmer switch
What plays a major role in gene expression?
Histones
3 major types of small molecules that bind to histones
- acetyl group
- methyl groups
- phosphate groups
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or siRNAs)
Belong to a class of molecules called noncoding RNAs
What is one way siRNAs and miRNAs silence gene expression?
- They can bind to the mRNA and the mRNA is going to be cut up by the proteins in the RISC complex.
What is another way siRNAs and miRNAs silence gene expression?
- The siRNA can bind to the mRNA and stay there so it will essentially block the ribosome from moving down the mRNA therefore it will stop translation.
What does ART stand for?
Assisted reproductive technologies
Intrauterine insemination
Sperm doner- donated sperm placed in women’s cervix or uterus
In vitro fertilization (IVF)
Sperm fertilizes egg in culture dish then embryos transferred to mother’s (or surrogate) uterus
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Sperm injected directly into egg
- Used for males who have low sperm count or abnormal sperm, also for males who can’t ejaculate
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
Largest egg from women and sperm from partner placed together in fallopian tube
- fertilization in woman’s body
-used in cases of fallopian tube blockage
