Gene Expression 2 Flashcards
Gene expression through the initiation of transcription is the result of…
the net effect of multiple regulator proteins/complexes/TFs (determined by external signals and cell physiology) such as inhibitors, activators, and mediator.
A HLH TF homodimer constitutively expressed which binds an E box of a cell division gene (silencer)
Max-Max
A HLH heterodimer which binds to a cell division gene regulatory region to activate transcription
Myc-Max (induces cell proliferation)
A HLH heterodimer which binds to a cell division gene regulatory region to repress the active transcription
Mad-Max
This domain is prominent in the Max monomer
DNA-binding region
A classic signal transduction pathway used to activate transcription factors
kinase cascade (transfer of phosphates)
The 7 ways to activate a TF
- Protein synthesis
- Ligand binding
- Protein phosphorylation
- Addition of a 2nd subunit
- Unmasking
- Stimulation of nuclear entry
- Release from membrane
Chromatin remodeling involves…
positioning a gene in heterochromatin to inhibit gene expression or modifying to form euchromatin
Passage of information from parental to progeny cells by mechanisms other than the DNA nucleotide sequence
Epigenetic changes: modification of DNA or regulatory proteins
4 types of epigenetic mechanisms
- Positive feedback TF loop
- DNA methylation
- Acetylation and deacetylation of histones
- Methylation and phosphorylation of histones
DNA methylation occurs on a ____ and usually cause gene____. It is transferred to progeny cells by an enzyme called___.
palindrome, inhibition, maintenance methylase (CH3 on to CG sequence)
Genetic imprinting (retention of DNA methylation) is ___ dependent and may result in non ________.
sex, Mendelian genetics (the particular gene maintains methylation in either sperm or egg, not both)
