Gene expression Flashcards
Is the process by which the
information in a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products, such as proteins or RNA molecules.
Gene Expression
DNA methylation and histone
modification affect gene accessibility.
Epigenetic Regulation
Is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence itself. Instead, these changes are influenced by environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and experiences, which can modify how genes are turned on or off
Epigenetics
It help the ribosomes to recognize and bind to mRNA
Eukaryotic Initiation Factors (eIFs)
Breaks down the unneeded or damaged proteins
ubiquitin proteasome system
The process of copying the sequence of one strand of DNA
Template Strand
Found in the nucleolus and synthesizes precursors of most rRNAs
RNA Polymerase I
Found in the nucleoplasm and synthesizes mRNA precursors
RNA polymerase II
Found in the nucleoplasm and synthesizes tRNAs, other RNA molecules involved in mRNA processing and protein transport
RNA Polymerase III
What is the first phase of transcription?
Initiation
What are the four steps in the transcription initiation
Closed promoter complex
Open promoter complex
Polymerizing
Promoter clearance
is one of the two DNA strands in a
gene. It has the same sequence as the mRNA (except that DNA has thymine (T) instead of uracil (U) in RNA).
Coding Strand
Are DNA sequences that provide signal for RNA polymerase, and they are where RNA polymerase binds.
Promoters
Specific base sequences act as signals to stop
Termination signal
What are the 3 bacterial promoters
TSS
-1O BOX
-35 BOX
The -10 BOX is also called?
Pribnow box
The area of the -35 box to the TSS is called?
Core promoter
What do you mean the combination of -10 box and -35 box is??
Core promoter elements
What are the two types of termination
Intrinsic Termination
Rho dependent Termination
Is the process of decoding the mRNA into a polypeptide chain
Translation
Ribosome assembly, start
codon recognition, initiator
tRNA binding
Initiation
Codon recognition, peptide
bond formation, ribosome
translocation
Elongation
Stop codon recognition,
polypeptide release,
ribosome dissociation
Termination
Give me the 3 stop codon recognition
UAA
UAG
UGA
