gene expression Flashcards
what is the total DNA in a cell?
genome
what is transcribed?
DNA -> RNA
what is translated?
RNA -> protein
what are the components of DNA?
4 bases GATC
deoxyribose
phosphate
what are the bonds in DNA?
N-glycosidic
H
Phosphodiester
what is the DNA structure?
double helix
sugar-phosphate backbone
2 antiparallel chains
5’ to 3’
what is DNA arranged in to?
chromosomes with base pairs
DNA+PROTEIN=?
CHROMATIN
what are the types of chromosomal mutations?
deletions
duplications
inversions
translocation
change in number of chromosomes
what is methylation?
cytosine is tagged with CH3 group
shuts off expression
what are the RNA bases?
adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine
what is the RNA sugar?
ribose
what reaction is transcription?
formation of phosphodiester bond
what promotes transcription?
DNA sequences that tell RNA polymerase to start transcription by binding to transcription factors (TF)
give examples of DNA sequences that promote transciprtion?
TATA box
CAAT box
GC box
what do enhancers do in transcription?
enhance formation of initiation complex
what are the domains on transcription factors?
DNA-binding domain
transcriptional activation domain
what are exons?
coding regions on RNA
what are introns?
non-coding regions on RNA
how does RNA become mRNA?
RNA splicing - alternative splicing
RNA processing - removal of excess sequences
what is RNA interface (RNAi)?
short single-stranded RNA molecule which bind to by base-pairing to other RNA
what is translation also known as?
protein synthesis
what happens during translation?
Anticodons of tRNA molecules form base pairs with codons on Mrna
what are types of point mutations?
missense
nonsense
silent
