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module 4 - biochemistry > gene expression > Flashcards

gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

what is the total DNA in a cell?

A

genome

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2
Q

what is transcribed?

A

DNA -> RNA

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3
Q

what is translated?

A

RNA -> protein

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4
Q

what are the components of DNA?

A

4 bases GATC
deoxyribose
phosphate

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5
Q

what are the bonds in DNA?

A

N-glycosidic
H
Phosphodiester

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6
Q

what is the DNA structure?

A

double helix
sugar-phosphate backbone
2 antiparallel chains
5’ to 3’

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7
Q

what is DNA arranged in to?

A

chromosomes with base pairs

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8
Q

DNA+PROTEIN=?

A

CHROMATIN

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9
Q

what are the types of chromosomal mutations?

A

deletions
duplications
inversions
translocation
change in number of chromosomes

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10
Q

what is methylation?

A

cytosine is tagged with CH3 group
shuts off expression

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11
Q

what are the RNA bases?

A

adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine

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12
Q

what is the RNA sugar?

A

ribose

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13
Q

what reaction is transcription?

A

formation of phosphodiester bond

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14
Q

what promotes transcription?

A

DNA sequences that tell RNA polymerase to start transcription by binding to transcription factors (TF)

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15
Q

give examples of DNA sequences that promote transciprtion?

A

TATA box
CAAT box
GC box

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16
Q

what do enhancers do in transcription?

A

enhance formation of initiation complex

17
Q

what are the domains on transcription factors?

A

DNA-binding domain
transcriptional activation domain

18
Q

what are exons?

A

coding regions on RNA

19
Q

what are introns?

A

non-coding regions on RNA

20
Q

how does RNA become mRNA?

A

RNA splicing - alternative splicing
RNA processing - removal of excess sequences

21
Q

what is RNA interface (RNAi)?

A

short single-stranded RNA molecule which bind to by base-pairing to other RNA

22
Q

what is translation also known as?

A

protein synthesis

23
Q

what happens during translation?

A

Anticodons of tRNA molecules form base pairs with codons on Mrna

24
Q

what are types of point mutations?

A

missense
nonsense
silent

25
Q

what are types of frameshift mutations?

A

insertion
deletion

module 4 - biochemistry (3 decks)

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