gene exam 2

Question 1

Evidence of transformation of R strain cells by biomolecules from S strain cells includes which one of these choices?

Answer 1

R strain cells gain the ability to kill mice, and smooth-looking cells were isolated from animals infected with R strain cells previously incubated with heat-killed S strain cells

Question 2

Oswald Avery and colleagues strengthened scientific support that DNA was the transforming factor by replicating the Griffith experiment with some important differences in experimental design. They found that the enzyme ______________ was effective at destroying the transforming capacity of S strain biomolecules.

Answer 2

DNase (DNA destruction)

Question 3

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase examined transformation using bacteriophage and bacterial cells. If phage are labeled with radioactive phosphate and allowed to infect bacterial cells, the radioactive phosphate will be localized to:

Answer 3

a. the inside of infected cells (in phage DNA

Question 4

Describe in detail the structural components of a nucleotide.

Answer 4

A sugar molecule ( ribose or deoxyribose) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base like ACGT

Question 5

. The number of proteins in the bacterial replisome is 13, while the number in a eukaryotic cell is 27. What are important protein components of the replisome in general? Why might a eukaryotic cell have more components?

Answer 5

The protein components help with strand separation, help RMA primer to initiate synthesis, estend primer and convert a separted single- strand into duplexes. Because eukaryotes need various more function to occur.

Question 6

Primase and telomerase enzymes are both considered types of

Answer 6

d. reverse transcriptases.

Question 7

Telomerase activity relies on ________________ for appropriate priming.

Answer 7

a short, telomeric RNA sequence that is carried within its structure

Question 8

hen replicating the end of a chromosome, the lagging strand cannot copy the last ~10 nucleotides at the end of the chromosome. As a result, chromosomes contain telomere sequences at their ends, which are defined as

Answer 8

noncoding, repetitive sequences that can be copied independent of the replisome.

Question 9

In eukaryotic DNA replication, re-association of histones with newly formed DNA is accomplished by

Answer 9

chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) and histones binding to the sliding clamp structure.

Question 10

The replisome contains a protein subunit responsible for unwinding the double helix to enable DNA replication. This subunit/enzyme is named

Answer 10

pol III holoenzyme.

Question 11

If Escherichia coli, grown for a period of time in 15N, is transferred to 14N for one generation of DNA replication, the resulting DNA should have 14N added to all “new” DNA. If semiconservative replication is occurring, the 14N-containing “new” DNA will compose

Answer 11

one strand of all bacterial chromosomes.

Question 12

. When comparing the three key models of DNA replication, the model that included the separation of the two strands of the original DNA (template) and using those strands as templates to synthesize two new DNA strands is called

Answer 12

semiconservative replication.

Question 13

. Which statement BEST describes the arrangement of components in a DNA molecule?

Answer 13

Nucleotides are located toward the inside of the strands and the phosphates toward the outside.

Question 14

Examine Figure 7-16, recalling that DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases always occurs in the 5’-to-3’ direction. The predominant location of small Okazaki fragments during DNA replication occurs at the

Answer 14

lagging strand of replication.