Chapter 6: Chemical reaction: energy, rates, and equilibuim Flashcards
biomolecules react with
oxygen to produce co2 and h2o
going from a high potential energy to a low
1 cal=
hear energy required to raise the temp. of 1 gram of water by 1 c
Keq=
equilibrium constant
constants in an equilibrium equation
solids and liquids
homogeneous
same (g=g+g)
Heterogeneous
different (s=aq+aq)
p=
nRT/(V)
pressure and volume are BLANK related
Inversely
The first law of thermodynamic
-energy can be neither created nor destroyed; energy is conserved
Exothermic characters
Surrounding get warmer
reactants have higher potential energy than products
(-) sign
making a bond
Endothermic characters
surrounding gets cooler
reactants have lower potential energy than the products
(+) sign
breaking a bond
higher bond energies=
stronger bond with lower potential energies
weaker bonds=
more ractive
types of biomolcules
carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Biochemical pathway=
the sequence of reactions leading to a particular product
catabolic, Anabolic
Catabolic Pathways
convert large molecules into smaller ones
break down biomolecules from diet
release energy in special energy ( ATP)
Anabolic pathways
build larger molecules from smaller ones
build proteins, lipids, and DNA
use energy from catabolism
Activation energy
Amount of energy that must be attained by reactants for a chemical reaction to occur.
larger activation energy =
bigger hill and slower reaction
heat energy causes
particles to move faster and have higher kinetic energy
Biological catalysts are called
Enzymes
Keq> 1
products favored
Keq <1
reactant favored
Le chatelier’s principle
if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the reaction will ten to shift in a direction to release that stress.
