gene and chromosome mutations

Question 1

what is a gene mutation?

Answer 1

a change in the DNA base sequence

Question 2

what are the three types of mutation?

Answer 2

substitution
deletion
insertion

Question 3

what is substition?

Answer 3

one base is replaced by another

Question 4

what is deletion?

Answer 4

one base i removed from the sequence

Question 5

what is insertion

Answer 5

one base is added to the sequence

Question 6

why wont all substition reaction lead to a change in the amino acide?

Answer 6

DNA is degenerate

Question 7

what are deletion and insetions morelikley to change an amino acide?

Answer 7

causes a frame shift

Question 8

what is a chromosomone mutation?

Answer 8

involve changes to the structure or number of whole chromosomes. Mutations to chromosome number can arise spontaneously through errors in cell division.

Question 9

what is polyploidy?

Answer 9

This is when organisms have more than two sets of chromosomes, and is mostly seen in plants.

Question 10

what is non-disjunction?

Answer 10

This occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis, resulting in gametes with extra or missing chromosomes, and leads to individuals with extra or missing chromosomes in all cells.