Gender Stuff I do Believe Flashcards
When Deborah Cameron did that study on call centres in 2000 what did she find?
It was often the ‘femininized’ style of speech which was imposed
what reasons does Deborah Cameron suggest that the feminised speech style is used in call centres? (4)
- Co-operation
- Nurturance
- Empathy
- Emotional expressiveness
Who found that a feminised speech style was used in call centres?
Deborah Cameron
Who is Simone de Beauvoir?
NOT a linguist but her ideas challenged social views on gender significantly.
What was Simone de Beauvoir’s theory? (2)
‘Society, being codified by man, decrees that woman is inferior’.
It suggests that societal norms and rules, primarily established by men, define women’s roles as inferior.
‘One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman’?
It implies that femininity is a social construct rather than a biological fact.
What the diversity and dynamics framework focus on?
It examines gender and sexuality, indicating that identities are varied and context-dependent.
What did Deborah Cameron argue about the study of gender?
She stated that there’s no universal prototype of femininity or masculinity, and identities are intertwined with age, ethnicity, class, and occupation.
Part of the larger idea that gender is performed not a fact.
What impact has social change had on gendered language according to Deborah Cameron?
Young men and women today are more similar in their language and behavior than previous generations.
When/What did Simone de Beauvoir write?
The Second Sex, 1949
deborah cameron example of culture impacting language looking at sexuality and gender crossover
in our culture where being gay is associated with crossdressing gay people might use non-standard gender-marking to display their sexual identity: feminine gendered pronouns and adjectives to identify themselves. But this might be absent in places where gender and sexuality are seen as separate.
What is the focus of Robert Podesva’s 2007 study?
The use of falsetto by a gay male in constructing his persona.
The study examines how vocal characteristics contribute to identity formation.
Who was the subject of Podesva’s recordings?
An openly out gay male named Heath
In which context was falsetto use more frequent for Heath? (1+(3+1))
At the BBQ with gay friends
It was longer in duration, higher in pitch and involved a wider pitch range.
Maybe the idea about wider range is because amongst those in the know it could be used to express different things whereas in an outgroup this nuance would not be communicated as efficiently?
What does Podesva say about the use of falsetto? (more broad usage)
It is used to construct social meaning and express emotions related to gay identity.
It contributes to a more ‘diva’ persona.
this is as falsetto is a socially marked behaviour.
Who did the study looking at one gay male in different contexts?
Robert Podesva
When was Robert Podesva’s Study?
2007
How was Robert Podesva’s study done? (1 + 3)
He looked at heath in three different contexts to analyse differences in falsetto use.
BBQ with friends
Work meeting
Talking with his dad
What did Paul Bind’s ‘Sexed Texts’ do? (2)
it explores changes in attitudes and approaches to gender language studies.
It also discusses the performativity of gender as a construct.
What does the Dominance model position women as?
Victims of male power.
Accepting this model has political consequences.
What is the ‘double-bind’ faced by women leaders?
Women leaders are seen as weak if they act in stereotypically feminine ways, but as ‘acting inappropriately’ if they act in masculine ways.
What assumption did some researchers in the 70s and 80s make about gay identity?
They assumed there was a universal gay identity.
Who referred to ‘GaySpeak’ and what did they say about language use among gay men?
Hayes (1976) said gay men change their language depending on secret, social, or radical-activist settings.
What binary does Bind equate with male/female language and what does he say about this?
Heterosexual/homosexual language. This is problematic as (like male/female binary) it is too simplistic and not accurate as people have complex and changing identities.
When did Paul Bind publish Sexed Texts?
2008
Example Paul Bind gives when looking at gender as a construct
The ‘secret’ languages of gay subcultures and linguistic responses, along with the alienation of participants from society.
Who made the term GaySpeak (and when)? (2)
Hayes 1976
What is the focus of Hans-Jörg Schmid’s 2003 study?
The study examines how men and women use different semantic domains in their language.
The is in Germany
When was the Hans-Jörg Schmid’s study
2003
Which Study looked at how men and women use different semantic domains in their language.
The Hans-Jörg Schmid’s study
Which semantic domains were men more likely to use according to the Hans-Jörg Schmid’s 2003 study?
- Work
- Computing
- Sports
- Public affairs
These domains are often related to professional and public engagement.
I think in this context it is fine to learn the summary and maybe like 1 or MAYBE 2 examples from above like that would be fine.
Which semantic domains were women more likely to use according to the Hans-Jörg Schmid’s 2003 study? (6+ 1)
1) Basic colours
2) Home
3) Food and drink
4) Body
5) Health
6) People
These domains reflect the traditional roles often associated with women.
I think in this context it is fine to learn the summary and maybe like 1 or MAYBE 2 examples from above like that would be fine.
What conclusion did the Hans-Jörg Schmid’s 2003 study summarize about gender differences in language use? Use a specific detail about the study to back this up.
The differences are likely the result of the social roles of the participants
For example, more women were involved who were staying at home to raise children.
True or False: The Hans-Jörg Schmid’s 2003 study suggests that gender language differences would remain the same in all societies.
False
The results would differ in societies where roles are distributed differently.
How many terms did Julia Stanley say there were for a promiscuous male?
20
How many terms did Julia Stanley say there were for a promiscuous female?
220
What is a difference (aside from size) with the terms for promiscuous females and males?
the words for men were often seen as less taboo
