gender, sex, and reproduction

Question 1

which sex has the larger gamete?

Answer 1

female

Question 2

what is anisogamy?

Answer 2

gametes of different sizes

Question 3

how many biological sexes?

Answer 3

2

Question 4

does gender exist for animals?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

what is isogamy?

Answer 5

a type of sexual reproduction that fuses two gametes to make a zygote

Question 6

what is the biggest group without sex the noun (biological sex)?

Answer 6

fungi

Question 7

what is sex the verb?

Answer 7

mixing, combining, or transferring genes between two individuals

Question 8

what is fertilization?

Answer 8

union of two gametes

Question 9

what is reproduction?

Answer 9

production of new orgamisms

Question 10

how does bacteria reproduce?

Answer 10

binary fission

Question 11

what is asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

no sex the verb
a copy of the parent

Question 12

do eukaryotes or prokaryotes engage in sexual reproduction?

Answer 12

eukaryotes

Question 13

what are three ways in which biological sexes can be packaged into individuals?

Answer 13

1. one sex per individual: most vertebrates
2. both sexes in one individual: hermaprhodites
3. sequential hermaphrodites

Question 14

what is protandrous?

Answer 14

individual born as male and changes to female

Question 15

what is protogynous?

Answer 15

born as female and changes to male

Question 16

what is more efficient at reproduction; sexual or asexual?

Answer 16

asexual have 2x reproductive rate

Question 17

what are the benefits of sexual reproduction?

Answer 17

genetically diverse offspring
combat diseases or changing environmental conditions

Question 18

do we have hermaphrodites?

Answer 18

no

Question 19

do we have asexual reproduction?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

compared to to other apes who has: a longer parental care?

Answer 20

us

Question 21

compared to to other apes who has: open ovulation

Answer 21

them

Question 22

compared to to other apes who has: who has a constant sexual receptivity?

Answer 22

us

Question 23

compared to to other apes who is: monogamous

Answer 23

us

Question 24

compared to to other apes who has: larger female/male size dimorphism?

Answer 24

them

Question 25

compared to to other apes who has: larger penis size?

Answer 25

us

Question 26

compared to to other apes who has: smaller breasts

Answer 26

them

Question 27

what is intersex?

Answer 27

1-2% born with characteristics that "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies”

Question 28

how many gametes can intersex people produce?

Answer 28

1 or are infertile

Question 29

what is XO?

Answer 29

Turner's syndrome

Question 30

what is the phenotype and characteristics of people with turner's syndrome?

Answer 30

female infertile can live long lives

Question 31

what is XXY?

Answer 31

Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 32

what is the phenotype and characteristics of people with klinefelter's syndrome?

Answer 32

male infertile extra X equally from each parent

Question 33

what is XYY?

Answer 33

Jacob's syndrome

Question 34

what is the phenotype and characteristics of those with jacob's syndrome?

Answer 34

biological males tall learning disabilities

Question 35

what are the characteristics of those with XXXY syndrome?

Answer 35

males cognitive issues infertile

Question 36

when do the primordial gonadal tissues develop?

Answer 36

the embryo at 6 weeks

Question 37

what produces the sex hormones?

Answer 37

gonads

Question 38

what do sex hormones regulate?

Answer 38

sexual development and reproduction

Question 39

what are the 2 main female hormones?

Answer 39

estrogen and progesterone

Question 40

what activates the development of testes on males?

Answer 40

Sry gene on Y chromosome

Question 41

what do the testes secrete?

Answer 41

testosterone

Question 42

what does testosterone do?

Answer 42

stimulates the development of male sex organs and inhibits female development

Question 43

how do the female ovaries develop?

Answer 43

with the absense of Sry gene and testosterone

Question 44

what do the development of ovaries require?

Answer 44

estrogen

Question 45

where does sex determination begin? when does it complete?

Answer 45

in the womb completes at puberty

Question 46

how do all fetuses start out?

Answer 46

dual

Question 47

when does the Sry gene activate testes?

Answer 47

7 weeks

Question 48

what is gender?

Answer 48

Gender refers to how an individual self-identifies in relation to the concepts of sex and sexual orientation

Question 49

what is sexual orientation?

Answer 49

emotional, romantic and/or sexual attractions to men, women or both sexes

Question 50

true or false: Prenatal and neonatal exposure to hormones determines biological sex

Answer 50

true

Question 51

what likely affects gender identity and sexual orientation?

Answer 51

hormone differences

Question 52

if 1 indentical twin is trans what is the likely hood that the other twin is also trans?

Answer 52

20%

Question 53

what is 5-α-reductase deficiency?

Answer 53

an autosomal recessive condition in which genetic males are initially deficient in testosterone production causes intersex at birth they have female-like genitalia and raised as females at puberty testicular secretion increases changing them into more phenotypic males

Question 54

what is complete androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Answer 54

Mutation of the androgen receptor gene on X chromosome of XY genotypes Sry gene kicks in, but genotypic male can’t respond to androgens Testicular feminization Internal genitalia of a male and the external genitalia of a female intersex Phenotypically female & identify as female gender

Question 55

What is the probability that the identical twin of a gay man will also be gay?

Answer 55

20-50%

Question 56

what is Congenital adrenal hyperplasia?

Answer 56

overactive adrenals during maturation (pre-natal) causes abnormally high levels of circulating androgens In XX: ambiguous sexual phenotype - intersex

Question 57

what sexual relationships do females with CAH tend to form?

Answer 57

same-sex

Question 58

do people with CAH have fertility issues?

Answer 58

yes

Question 59

are there fewer effects of CAH on genotypic males?

Answer 59

yes

Question 60

what is the theory of the gay gene hypothesis?

Answer 60

Gene or genes on X chromosome predispose a man to being gay

Question 61

what is a more likely hypothesis of the gay gene?

Answer 61

genes across our genome acting in concert with hormone production or sensitivity

Question 62

what is the % of men that are gay according to the number of older brothers they have?

Answer 62

0: 2% 1: 2.6% 2: 3.5% 3: 4.6% 4: 6.0%

Question 63

what is the hypothesis behind the % of men that are gay according to the number of older brothers they have?

Answer 63

some mothers develop antibodies against a Y-linked factor important for male brain development Increases incrementally with each male gestation Alters brain structures underlying sexual orientation in later-born boys