Gender inequalities

Question 1

Explanation 1

Answer 1

Sexual harassment in the workplace is the cause of gender inequality (radical feminist stance)

Question 2

Sexual harassment in the workplace is the cause of gender inequality (radical feminist stance)

Answer 2

Adkins

Question 3

Sexual harassment in the workplace is the cause of gender inequality (radical feminist stance) (Adkins)

Answer 3

• Many pubs and hotel chains had a deliberate policy of employing married couples
• Vertical segregation: The husband was employed as the manager and the wife would contribute to the running of the hotel and pub,
• Couples were paid about 25% more than single males doing the same job but the wife is not paid a salary in their own right
• Horizontal segregation: men and women are expected to do different types of jobs
• Jobs were allocated on gender lines where ride operatives were mostly young males and women were more likely to be put in catering roles due to their attractiveness
• Female employers were often subject to sexual harassment
• n many service sector jobs, being sexually attractive and engaging in sexual servicing are integral parts of women’s work

Question 4

Explanation 2

Answer 4

Violence that is a result of patriarchal traditions of mens right to control their women

Question 5

Violence that is a result of patriarchal traditions of mens right to control their women

Answer 5

Johnson

Question 6

Violence that is a result of patriarchal traditions of mens right to control their women (Johnson)

Answer 6

• Violence is a form of terroristic control which involves a systematic use of not only violence but economic subordination
• There has been a high level of domestic violence across the world showing evidence of patriarchal aggression
• WHO: reported in 2013 of women who had experienced physical or sexual abuse from an intimate partner in their lifetime was 30%

Question 7

Explanation 3

Answer 7

socialisation into gender roles creates gender inequality

Question 8

socialisation into gender roles creates gender inequality

Answer 8

Oakley

Question 9

socialisation into gender roles creates gender inequality (Oakley)

Answer 9

• children are socialised into conforming to gender roles from a young age through the family in 4 ways:
  
  • canalisation
  • manipulation
  • Verbal appellations
  • domestic activities

Question 10

Explanation 4

Answer 10

Discrimination prevents women from having equal opportunities

Question 11

Discrimination prevents women from having equal opportunities

Answer 11

Mcrobbie

Question 12

Discrimination prevents women from having equal opportunities (McRobbie)

Answer 12

• Men and women have different aspirations and lifepaths
• Culture of femininity: women should focus on their appearance and relationships to find a husband and they have friends that share norms and interests with eachother
• Bedroom culture: girls stay in their room to avoid humiliation that they would face by boys

Question 13

Explanation 5

Answer 13

Not all women share the same experience of inequality, patriarchy has shifted from private to public

Question 14

Not all women share the same experience of inequality, patriarchy has shifted from private to public

Answer 14

Walby

Question 15

Not all women share the same experience of inequality, patriarchy has shifted from private to public (walby)

Answer 15

• Triple system of oppression which included the impact of racism
• concept of intersectionality which recognises the complex interplay between different forms of social inequality including class, gender, ethnicity, religion and nationality
• 6 structures of patriarchy:
  paid employment
  the household
  the state
  cultural institutions
  sexuality
  violence

Question 16

paid employment

Answer 16

• walby
• paid employment is a key structure for disadvantaging women in britain, men dominate the best paid jobs

Question 17

the household

Answer 17

• walby
• women still do most of the housework and childcare

Question 18

the state

Answer 18

• walby
• acts in the interests of men rather than women in terms of taxation, welfare rules.
• There has been an attempt to improve women’s positions in public sphere

Question 19

cultural institutions

Answer 19

• walby
• represents women in a narrow set of roles such as sex objects and as a mother, housewife and girlfriend rather than people in their own rights

Question 20

sexuality

Answer 20

• walby
• a double standard persists in modern society that values multiple sexual partners for men but condemns the same behaviour for women

Question 21

violence

Answer 21

sexual assault, domestic violence and the threat of violence are used by men to control the behaviour of women