Gender Equality

Question 1

History

Answer 1

• Few opportunities are available to women
• “No person shall, the basis of sex, be excluded for the participation in or denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program”

Question 2

Sports and Educational Programs

Answer 2

• Sports teach lesions, formerly mainly to men
• Educational classes, programs, and majors chosen based. on market, cost, and relevance to the educational mission

Question 3

Three Tests for compliance

Answer 3

• Proportionality
• Demonstrate progress toward proportionality
• Demonstrate interest of underrepresented sex and being met

Question 4

Proportionality

Answer 4

• Athletic opportunities must be proportionate to the gender distribution of the undergraduate enrollment

Question 5

Demonstrate progress toward proportionality

Answer 5

• Five-year plans?

Schools have to show that they have a plan set for what they are going to do to reach gender proportionality

Question 6

Demonstrate interests of underrepresented sex are being met?

Answer 6

• Show there is not demand?

Question 7

Two ways to achieve proportionality

Answer 7

• Add women’s programs (costs money)
• Reduce men’s programs (save money)

Question 8

Football often drives decision

Answer 8

• Football generates revenue
• Teams of 85 men make gender proportionality difficult
• Easier and more cost-efficient to eliminate men’s non-revenue sports than to add women’s sports

Question 9

Gender equity as ethical?

Answer 9

Teleologist - Values of fairness and justice

consequentialist - more positive than negative results for most people

Deontologist - do we want the universal principle that all are treated equally? Golden rule - would you want to be discriminated against because of your gender?

Question 10

Gender equity as Strategic?

Answer 10

• Male revenue-producing sports may get the resources, facilities, etc.

Question 11

Gender equity in media

Answer 11

• underrepresentation/coverage of women’s sports and female athletes
• Representation as hyper-sexualized rather than for competitive achievement
• Underrepresentation in media (editors, gatekeepers, reporters)
• Economic incentive to cover women’s sports

Question 12

Circular argument

Answer 12

• Do women’s sports lack coverage because of a lack of audience interest or is lack of audience interest due to lack of coverage

Question 13

Is equal coverage ethical?

Answer 13

Teleologist - values fairness

Consequentialist - more positive to society in covering both genders equally

Deontologist - would you want your gender to be the reason for the lack of coverage

Question 14

Lack of equal coverage as strategic

Answer 14

• Some improvements but still belief that the market doesn’t support coverage
• Hope with the new media, blogs, fans, ESPNW

Question 15

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Lower production values:

Answer 15

Worse TV setup, worse officials, B list announcers, no replay, etc.

Question 16

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Gender marking:

Answer 16

“Lady Irish”/labeling by gender, Homets vs. Lady Homets, some are inherently male (Bulls, Mustangs, etc.)

Question 17

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Infantilization:

Answer 17

Showing female athletes as childish (wouldn’t have obtained success with a male figure)

Question 18

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Non-sports related aspects:

Answer 18

Athlete marriages, engagements, etc.

Question 19

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Comparisons to men’s sports:

Answer 19

Comparing women to men(Serena Williams vs. Roger Federer), Men’s vs women’s basketball, point of reference in men’s sports

Question 20

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Compulsory heterosexuality and appropriate femininity:

Answer 20

Having to demonstrate you’re a women and straight off the court (Serena Williams pregnancy photos)

Question 21

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Sexualization:

Answer 21

Sexualizing women’s bodies with poses or provocative photos, Sports Illustrated bikini editors, feel to prove sexuality through these thing and it makes them extra money to supplement low salaries

Question 22

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Ambivalence:

Answer 22

Attention is diverted

Question 23

Representation patterns in media coverage of women

Model Citizens:

Answer 23

Ignoring athletic accomplishments for participation in humanitarian or being a good person, valuing them for that and not just their athletic capabilities