Gender - Dysphoria

Question 0

Hare et al

Answer 0

Transsexual gene - mtf trans more likely to have longer version of androgen receptor gene (reduced action of testosterone)

Question 1

A01

Genetic conditions and environmental causes

Answer 1

Mismatch between hormones and genetic sex
Genetic conditions - androgen insensitivity syndrome or congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Environmental pollution - insecticide containing oestrogen, boys with it prenatally displayed feminised play

Question 2

Brain sex theory

Answer 2

BSTc region of brain time the size in males, with twice as many neurons. Located in thalamus
Size may correlated with preferred sex
Dutch studies support - ftm trans = males

Question 3

Challenge to brain sex theory

Support for brain sex theory

Answer 3

Chung et al - differences in volume do not develop until adulthood whereas feelings are present at a young age
Not sole cause but may have an effect

Rametti et al - white matter in brains of trans before therapy showed more similar pattern to those who shared gender identity

Question 4

Psychosocial approach - mental illness
Coates et al
Cole et al

Answer 4

Coates et al - boy with gender dysphoria
Defensive reaction to depression of mother over abortion
Trauma occurred when boy was three and still sensitive to gender issues
Cross gender fantasy to resolve anxiety
Cole et al - range of psychiatric conditions in gd no different to control sample so generally unrelated to trauma

Question 5

Mother son relationships

Answer 5

Stoller - GD comes from distorted parental attitudes
Greater female identification
Zucker - 64% of boys with concerns of GD also had separation anxiety disorder
38% with only su clinical symptoms

Question 6

IDA

Answer 6

Tbc