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Psychology > Gender Development Keywords > Flashcards

Gender Development Keywords Flashcards

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0
Q

Inventory

A

A list of statements used to test for certain characteristics in people.

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1
Q

Androgynous

A

Displaying roughly equal levels if masculine and feminine traits/behaviours

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2
Q

Transsexual

A

A person who desires to be a member of the opposite sex

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3
Q

Gender identity

A

An individual’s perception of their own masculinity and/ or femininity

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4
Q

Retrospective

A

Looking from the past

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5
Q

Innate

A

In born; present at birth

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6
Q

Cross-cultural research

A

Investigations carried out across more than one society

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7
Q

Universal

A

Occurring around the world

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8
Q

Gender role

A

The behaviour that an individual displays (masculine or feminine)

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9
Q

Ethnographic

A

The scientific description of specific cultures

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10
Q

Western society

A

Mainly North America, European and Australasian countries.

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11
Q

Socialisation

A

A process whereby individuals are taught and encouraged to adopt certain values and roles

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12
Q

Norms

A

Standard or appropriate ways of behaving

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13
Q

Agents of socialisation

A

Individuals and groups n society involved in the socialising of others.

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14
Q

Sex-role stereotyping

A

Treating females and males differently according to a set of expectations

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15
Q

Sex-role stereotypes

A

Culturally determined beliefs about what a particular sex’s gender role should be. Often over- generalised

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16
Q

Interactionist approach

A

Combined two or more perspectives to explain a behaviour or event

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17
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances produced by the body that control the activity of certain cells or organs

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18
Q

Embryo

A

A organism in the early stages of development t

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19
Q

Gonads

A

Sex organs

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20
Q

Testes

A

Male sex organs producing sperm

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21
Q

Ovaries

A

Female sex organs producing eggs

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22
Q

Androgens

A

Group of male sec hormones

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23
Q

Oestrogens

A

Group of female sex hormones

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24
Q

Pre-natal

A

Before birth

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25
Q

Foetus

A

Development of embryo after eight weeks

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26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Small structure at the base of the brain regulating many body functions

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27
Q

Cerebral hemisphere

A

The two halves of the brain which specialise in different functions. Left - language right- spatial ability

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28
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Practical skills requiring precise small movements usually of the hands and finger like needle and thread

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29
Q

Adrenogential syndrome

A

A set of symptoms associated with the excessive secretion of adrenal hormones

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30
Q

Adrenal glands

A

A group of cells that produce and release hormones

31
Q

Testosterone

A

The main male sex hormone

32
Q

Progesterone

A

A female hormone

33
Q

Steroids

A

Synthetic , man-made hormones

34
Q

Turners syndrome

A

A disorder where a person has the atypical chromosome pattern XO. Found in females.

35
Q

Klinefelters syndrome

A

A disorder(amongst men) where an individual has the atypical chromosome pattern XXY

36
Q

Reductionism

A

The belief that complex systems can be explained In terms of their components

37
Q

Determinism

A

The belief that events are controlled by actions that come before them, therefore everything is predictable

38
Q

Construct validity

A

The degree to which a test measures the construct or concept that it is supposed to measure.

39
Q

Temporal validity

A

The degree to which findings apply across time

40
Q

Attention

A

Observing someone else carrying out a behaviour

41
Q

Retention

A

Storing observed behaviours do that they can be retrieved at a later date

42
Q

Model

A

A person displaying an observable behaviour

43
Q

Modelling

A

Demonstrating or displaying a behaviour

44
Q

Role model

A

A person who another associates with and wants to be like

45
Q

Identification

A

The process whereby an individual associates with the qualities, characteristics and views of another person

46
Q

Reproduction

A

When an individual is intellectually and physically capable if displaying a behaviour they have acquired

47
Q

Motivation

A

When an individual has a reason for displaying that behaviour

48
Q

Imitation

A

Where a person consciously copies or reproduces an action

49
Q

Self -efficacy

A

An individual belief that they have the capacity to imitate a behaviour they have observed

50
Q

Reinforcement

A

Positive consequences, strengthen a behaviour; making a behaviour more likely to happen again.

51
Q

Punishment

A

A behaviour being follow with negative consequences. Reducing repetition.

52
Q

Internalisation

A

A process whereby behaviours become an integrated part of an individuals identity

53
Q

Social construct

A

An abstract concept created by society

54
Q

Cognitive development

A

The idea that the mind develops and changes over time

55
Q

Gender identity stage

A

Children are able to label themselves and others in terms of sex

56
Q

Gender stability stage

A

Children understand their own sex remains constant over time

57
Q

Egocentric

A

Understanding things through subjective experience, the inability to view the world from another perspective.

58
Q

Gender constancy stage

A

Children understand that each persons sex is constant across time and situations

59
Q

De-centre

A

Developing the ability to view the world from another’s perspective

60
Q

Conserve

A

Understanding that the properties of an object are conserved , even if appearance changes

61
Q

Schema

A

An internal mental representation of the World which is used to make sense of experiences

62
Q

Script

A

Internal representation of a set of actions that make up a routine

63
Q

Assimilation

A

Making a part of

64
Q

Encode

A

Register information for later retrieval

65
Q

Unconscious forces

A

Drives that motivate behaviour which individuals are not aware of

66
Q

Phallic stage

A

Children begin to focus on their own and other genitals

67
Q

Oedipus complex

A

An unconscious conflict that occurs in boys when they desire their mother yet fear their father

68
Q

Castration anxiety

A

Fear experienced by boys when they believe they will have their pen is removed

69
Q

Electra complex

A

Unconscious conflict that occur in girls when they desire their father yet worry about losing their mothers love .

70
Q

Penis envy

A

Feeling experienced by girls because they are jealous of the fact that men and boys possess a penis and they do not

71
Q

Superego

A

Apart of personality which monitors moral behaviour

72
Q

Identification

A

To adopt the attitudes and values of another

73
Q

Defence mechanism

A

A process which protects an individual from unresolved conflicts

74
Q

Unconscious

A

The part of the mind that individuals are not aware of.

Psychology (8 decks)

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