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Gender Development Keywords Flashcards

0
Q

Inventory

A

A list of statements used to test for certain characteristics in people.

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1
Q

Androgynous

A

Displaying roughly equal levels if masculine and feminine traits/behaviours

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2
Q

Transsexual

A

A person who desires to be a member of the opposite sex

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3
Q

Gender identity

A

An individual’s perception of their own masculinity and/ or femininity

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4
Q

Retrospective

A

Looking from the past

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5
Q

Innate

A

In born; present at birth

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6
Q

Cross-cultural research

A

Investigations carried out across more than one society

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7
Q

Universal

A

Occurring around the world

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8
Q

Gender role

A

The behaviour that an individual displays (masculine or feminine)

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9
Q

Ethnographic

A

The scientific description of specific cultures

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10
Q

Western society

A

Mainly North America, European and Australasian countries.

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11
Q

Socialisation

A

A process whereby individuals are taught and encouraged to adopt certain values and roles

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12
Q

Norms

A

Standard or appropriate ways of behaving

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13
Q

Agents of socialisation

A

Individuals and groups n society involved in the socialising of others.

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14
Q

Sex-role stereotyping

A

Treating females and males differently according to a set of expectations

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15
Q

Sex-role stereotypes

A

Culturally determined beliefs about what a particular sex’s gender role should be. Often over- generalised

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16
Q

Interactionist approach

A

Combined two or more perspectives to explain a behaviour or event

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17
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical substances produced by the body that control the activity of certain cells or organs

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18
Q

Embryo

A

A organism in the early stages of development t

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19
Q

Gonads

A

Sex organs

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20
Q

Testes

A

Male sex organs producing sperm

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21
Q

Ovaries

A

Female sex organs producing eggs

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22
Q

Androgens

A

Group of male sec hormones

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23
Q

Oestrogens

A

Group of female sex hormones

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24
Pre-natal
Before birth
25
Foetus
Development of embryo after eight weeks
26
Hypothalamus
Small structure at the base of the brain regulating many body functions
27
Cerebral hemisphere
The two halves of the brain which specialise in different functions. Left - language right- spatial ability
28
Fine motor skills
Practical skills requiring precise small movements usually of the hands and finger like needle and thread
29
Adrenogential syndrome
A set of symptoms associated with the excessive secretion of adrenal hormones
30
Adrenal glands
A group of cells that produce and release hormones
31
Testosterone
The main male sex hormone
32
Progesterone
A female hormone
33
Steroids
Synthetic , man-made hormones
34
Turners syndrome
A disorder where a person has the atypical chromosome pattern XO. Found in females.
35
Klinefelters syndrome
A disorder(amongst men) where an individual has the atypical chromosome pattern XXY
36
Reductionism
The belief that complex systems can be explained In terms of their components
37
Determinism
The belief that events are controlled by actions that come before them, therefore everything is predictable
38
Construct validity
The degree to which a test measures the construct or concept that it is supposed to measure.
39
Temporal validity
The degree to which findings apply across time
40
Attention
Observing someone else carrying out a behaviour
41
Retention
Storing observed behaviours do that they can be retrieved at a later date
42
Model
A person displaying an observable behaviour
43
Modelling
Demonstrating or displaying a behaviour
44
Role model
A person who another associates with and wants to be like
45
Identification
The process whereby an individual associates with the qualities, characteristics and views of another person
46
Reproduction
When an individual is intellectually and physically capable if displaying a behaviour they have acquired
47
Motivation
When an individual has a reason for displaying that behaviour
48
Imitation
Where a person consciously copies or reproduces an action
49
Self -efficacy
An individual belief that they have the capacity to imitate a behaviour they have observed
50
Reinforcement
Positive consequences, strengthen a behaviour; making a behaviour more likely to happen again.
51
Punishment
A behaviour being follow with negative consequences. Reducing repetition.
52
Internalisation
A process whereby behaviours become an integrated part of an individuals identity
53
Social construct
An abstract concept created by society
54
Cognitive development
The idea that the mind develops and changes over time
55
Gender identity stage
Children are able to label themselves and others in terms of sex
56
Gender stability stage
Children understand their own sex remains constant over time
57
Egocentric
Understanding things through subjective experience, the inability to view the world from another perspective.
58
Gender constancy stage
Children understand that each persons sex is constant across time and situations
59
De-centre
Developing the ability to view the world from another's perspective
60
Conserve
Understanding that the properties of an object are conserved , even if appearance changes
61
Schema
An internal mental representation of the World which is used to make sense of experiences
62
Script
Internal representation of a set of actions that make up a routine
63
Assimilation
Making a part of
64
Encode
Register information for later retrieval
65
Unconscious forces
Drives that motivate behaviour which individuals are not aware of
66
Phallic stage
Children begin to focus on their own and other genitals
67
Oedipus complex
An unconscious conflict that occurs in boys when they desire their mother yet fear their father
68
Castration anxiety
Fear experienced by boys when they believe they will have their pen is removed
69
Electra complex
Unconscious conflict that occur in girls when they desire their father yet worry about losing their mothers love .
70
Penis envy
Feeling experienced by girls because they are jealous of the fact that men and boys possess a penis and they do not
71
Superego
Apart of personality which monitors moral behaviour
72
Identification
To adopt the attitudes and values of another
73
Defence mechanism
A process which protects an individual from unresolved conflicts
74
Unconscious
The part of the mind that individuals are not aware of.

Psychology (8 decks)

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