Gender bias Flashcards
What undermines psychology’s claim to being universal?
The fact that bias is inevitable and an aspect of human behaviour.
What is the alpha bias likely to do to women?
It is likely to devalue women in relation to their male counterparts.
What is cultural bias?
It overlooks cultural differences and looks at all behaviour from the perspective of just on culture.
What is beta bias?
Research which minimises or underestimates the differences between sexes.
Milgram’s (1963) obedience experiment has been replicated in other countries as originally only participants were male from the USA.
What was the results when it was replicated in Germany?
USA (Milgram, 1963) = 65%.
Germany (Mantell, 1971) = 85%.
What is the danger if a norm/standard is judged from the view of just one culture ?
Then cultural differences will be seen as ‘abnormal’ when they are actually completely normal for this culture.
What is meant by Eurocentrism?
Bias towards a western cultural viewpoint.
Milgram’s (1963) obedience experiment has been replicated in other countries as originally only participants were male from the USA.
What was the results when it was replicated in Australia?
USA (Milgram, 1963) = 65%.
Australia (Kilham and Mann, 1974) = 16%.
What is alpha bias?
Research which exaggerates or overestimates the differences between sexes.
What is Ethnocentrism?
Judging other cultures by the standards and values of one’s own cultures.
Give an example of eurocentrism? (hint: IQ)
A western IQ test is time-limited whilst a tribal IQ test would have no limit on time as speedy thinking is considered too impulsive and reckless.
Explain how Ainsworth’s Strange Situation was ethnocentric:
Ainsworth developed a U.S classification system which found secure attachments to be most common. This led to German mothers being seen as cold for valuing independence (Type A) and Japanese children were seen as clingy and soft due to (Type C).
What is Etic?
Looks at behaviour and attempts to describe behaviours which are universal.
What is Emic?
Functions from inside a culture and identifies behaviours specific to a culture.
Was Ainsworth’s Strange Situation classification Etic or Emic?
Etic - assumes attachment is universal and looked at from American viewpoint.
