Gender and Sexuality Identities

Question 1

Sociologist:
Women are expressive leaders and men instrumental. Both are necessary roles as women fulfil internal functions (such as family relations) and men fulfil external functions (such as monetary support).

Answer 1

Parsons

Question 2

Sociology:
Gender role socialisation takes place in four ways:
-Manipulation (encouraging/discouraging behaviour)
-Canalisation (Parents direct a child’s interests)
-Verbal appellation (Stereotypical names and descriptive words such as pretty or strong)
-Domestic activities (daughters expected to perform housework)

Answer 2

Oakley

Question 3

Sociologist:
Masculinity has different types:
-Hegemonic (traditional, dominant, heterosexual)
-Complicit (Men who believe in gender equality)

Answer 3

Connell

Question 4

Sociologist:
Heterosexual male students are now inclusive of their gay peers and proud of their pro-gay attitudes. Being gay does not negatively affect a boy’s popularity, but being homophobic does.

Answer 4

McCormack

Question 5

Sociologist:
Homophobia during the 80's due to the aids crisis. Exaggerated homophobic views and hyper masculinity in boys to prove their heterosexuality. 
Preoccupied with the 'three F's' 
-Football 
-Fighting 
-Fucking
as a means to supress their emotions.

Answer 5

Mac an Ghail

Question 6

Sociologist:

Bedroom culture. Young girls create their own culture away from men: a cult of femininity.

Answer 6

McRobbie

Question 7

Sociologist:
Women are not always subordinate as they use the internet as a means to find support when they face discrimination and inequality.

Answer 7

Nakuamura

Question 8

Sociologist:
Women are seen as subordinate.
Men are seen as dominant.

Answer 8

Billington

Question 9

Sociologist:
The media introduces the ‘New Man’ identity. Rise in men’s fashion magazines, toiletries, and grooming which can be followed back to the 1985 Levi’s ‘Laundrette’ advert.

Answer 9

Mort

Question 10

Sociologist:
It becomes acceptable for men to groom themselves and spend time and money on their appearance. Women express attraction towards this type of aesthetic and begin sexualising men. Links to Levi’s advert and the ‘new man’ concept.

Answer 10

Nixon