gender and sexuality Flashcards
the views of women between the 2nd and 5th century
tertullian - “the devils gateway” because western thought caused people to hate anything associated with the body and women were related to the body rather than the mind
the views of women before the 2nd century
Were allowed to hold authority eg Phoebe was a deacon, Junia was an apostle
what did convents allow women to do?
allowed women to study arts eg Hildegaard de Bingen
who was Hildegarde de Bingen?
An Abbess who wrote letters, poetry and music expressing very progressive beliefs about feminism
How did martin luther influence the role of women?
head of the protestant reformation, very sexist, reduced the role of women in authority
the views of women in the 19th century
cannot be overly educated because that is a masculine trait, wasn’t until 1870 that women were allowed primary education
who was catherine booth and what were her beliefs?
co founder of the salvation army, said women should be able to preach because it is more in their nature to be poetic and persuasive, since we are all just vehicles of Gods Gospel.
Why did opinions of women change after the war?
women were shown to be useful by getting jobs, proving they could do the same things as men
why does a change in views of women affect our ability to interpret the bible?
How do we interpret sexist passages of the bible when we have progressive views - how can we follow the living tradition and find new meaning of sexist texts?
what is liberal theology?
analysing the bible using modern thought and reasoning rather than faith
what is biblical criticism?
systematic and critical examination of biblical texts, examining the language and translation, form of writing used, and the context and author of the text
what is liberal biblical criticism?
bible should be studied like an ancient document - using higher criticism- examining how passages interact with one another and lower criticism- the content of the passage itself
what was Karl barth’s hot take on biblical criticism?
he suggested we can’t use liberal criticism on the bible because its not a development of enlightenment values, its purpose is instead to challenge human assumptions so we cannot use human reason to judge the scripture because scripture is the judge of human reason
how do fundamentalists critique biblical criticism?
there is no point trying to critically interpret a text that is supposed to be taken literally because everyone should be able r=to access and read the bible
what passages support gender equality?
- romans 16:1 - “phoebe, a deacon of the church… the benefactor of many people”
- romans, Paul describes Priscilla and Aquila as fellow workers
- Junia was an apostle in the church
- galatians 3:26 - “ you are all children of God… there is no male or female for you are all one in christ”
what passages oppose gender equality?
- Ephesians 5:22 “ wives submit yourselves to your husbandsas you do to the lord”
- Corinthians 14:34 - “women should remain silent in the churches”
What does Timothy 2:8 say?
- “women should dress modestly”
- “I do not permit a woman to assume authority over a man”
- “women will be saved through child-bearing”
catholic church view on gender equality
complimentarian - equal status but they have different roles
Natural law views on gender equality
people should live in a way that reflects their inherent nature and that men and women should complement each other
what is the early church view of gender equality
not much is known about female ministry but pope Gelasius I opposed women being part of the eucharist
apostolic succession is an issue for gender equality because…
Jesus’ apostles were men, so it may not be permitted for women to be part of the apostolic tradition
protestant views on gender equality?
No one has authority because of the priesthood of all believers and sola Scriptura but women can interpret the bible for themselves
AO2 plan - “The bible doesnt support equality between men and women”
- Ephesians 5:22 - “wives submit yourselves to your husbands” - not equal
^ However also talks about slaves and masters so clearly outdated and we can discard both passages - corinthians 14:34 - “women should remain silent in churches”
^ part of a set of letters to Corinth, could be responding to a specific issue - Timothy 2:8 - “ I do not permit a woman to assume authority over a man”
^ “authentien” actual meaning unknown because it was not seen anywhere else in bible
describe the process of allowing ordination for women
- 1920 briefly mentioned but overturned
- Florence Li Tim-Oi stepped in as a temporary priest during the war
- 75/78’ spoken about again but outruled by the house of clergy
- 81’ it was allowed, 85; the law was passed and 87’ the first female bishop was anointed
