Gender And Sexual Identity

Question 1

Sex definition

Answer 1

Refers to the biological differences between males and females

Question 2

Gender definition

Answer 2

Cultural classification of people as masculine and feminine. Society’s set down expectations for males and females, encouraged to act appropriately

Question 3

Femininity definition

Answer 3

Characteristics associated with being a women which has an effect on female behaviour those characteristics can be negotiated and changed

Question 4

Masculinity definition

Answer 4

Characteristics associated with being a man which has an effect on masculine behaviour those characteristics can be negotiated and changed

Question 5

Hegemonic femininity definition

Answer 5

The dominant/traditional style of femininity with characteristics about being passive, subordinate and quiet

Question 6

Hegemonic masculinity definition

Answer 6

The dominant/traditional style of masculinity which stresses toughness,aggression, breadwinner etc

Question 7

Parsons

Answer 7

Men instrumental leader, whilst women were the expressive leader

Question 8

Oakley

Answer 8

Gender is the parallel and socially unequal divisions in femininity and masculinity

Question 9

Mcrobbie

Answer 9

Proposes there has been a shift from feminist activity into involvement with society

Question 10

Nakumara

Answer 10

Found that although women are stereotyped in the media, digital communication and the internet are increasingly being used by women from a range of different ethnic backgrounds, as a forum for support when they face discrimination and inequality

Question 11

Billington

Answer 11

Argues that the media presents masculinity as dominant and femininity as subordinate

Question 12

Ferguson

Answer 12

Did a content analysis of woman’s magazines were based around cult of femininity which promote the idea that excellence is achieved through caring for others, family, marriage and appearance

Question 13

Mitsos and Browne

Answer 13

Suggest teachers tend to be less strict with boys, allowing them to be underachieving

Question 14

Willis

Answer 14

Pressure in schools for traditional gender identity

Question 15

Skeleton

Answer 15

Argues the ‘hidden curriculum’ is responsible for perpetuating gender differences in subject choices

Question 16

Kelly

Answer 16

Science packaged as a boys subject

Question 17

Colley

Answer 17

School subject choices affected by 3 things: perception on gender roles, subject preferences, learning environment

Question 18

Mac an Gail

Answer 18

Crisis of masculinity

Question 19

Adkins

Answer 19

Labour market had a gendered character, vertical segregation and horizontal segregation

Question 20

Connell

Answer 20

The different types of masculinity: hegemonic, subordinate, complicit and marginalised

Question 21

Abbot

Answer 21

Wrote a book called the identity and the new man

Question 22

Mort

Answer 22

Emergence of other types of masculinity

Question 23

Nixon

Answer 23

New man, Levi’s 501s advert

Question 24

Jackson

Answer 24

Gender is socially constructed, ladettes

Question 25

McCormack

Answer 25

Changing attitudes to homosexuality in 6th form colleges- pro gay

Question 26

Max an Gail sexual identities

Answer 26

Make gaze, reinforces hegemonic masculinity and devalues femininity

Question 27

McIntosh

Answer 27

Homosexuality

Question 28

Rich

Answer 28

Argues that woman’s sexuality is oppressed by men in patriarchal society, through institutions such a marriage, through violence and rape and through the sexual objectification of women

Question 29

Weeks

Answer 29

Points out, not many people would say “I am heterosexual” in relation to their identity, but to say “ I am gay” or “I am a lesbian” makes a statement about belonging and your relationship to dominant sexual codes

Question 30

Plummer

Answer 30

Homosexual career