Gender and Religion, Ethnicity and Religion and Social Class and Religion

Question 1

Afro carribeans made up ..% of all those attending church in the UK on on average sunday in …. which is over … times their proportion in the population

Answer 1

17%
2007
5

Question 2

the 2009 citizenship survey found ….% of muslims practiced their religion and …% of christians

Answer 2

74%

33%

Question 3

in ……. there were … mosques in the UK and …… churches, by 2005 ….. mosques and …. churches

Answer 3

1961
7
55,000 
1700 
47,000

Question 4

who found some decline in importance of religion in all ethnic groups?

Answer 4

modood

Question 5

what does ……. mean by cultural defence and cultural transition? and stigmatised identity

Answer 5

Bruce
religion acts as cultural defence and source of identity during times of cultural transitions
this could be due to stigmatised identity - an identity seen as undesirable and stops an individual or group being fully accepted into society

Question 6

who says that religion maintains tradition, group cohesion and community solidarity. give an example

Answer 6

Davies

mosques are community centres as well as places of worship

Question 7

…. of adults from bangledeshi/pakistani backgrounds were living in low income households in …..

Answer 7

2/3

2011

Question 8

WHEN REVISING THIS ALSO LOOK AT REASONS FOR GROWTH OF CULTS ETC, SAME THEORIES APPLY

Answer 8

*

Question 9

who said asians form a hybrid brasian identity and explain his theory

Answer 9

Johal
a blend of british and asian cultures
he found they had selected elements of their parents religion and combined it with personal choice

Question 10

…% of muslims are under …

Answer 10

70%

25

Question 11

…% of muslims between …. expressed a preference for Sharia law

Answer 11

35%

18-24

Question 12

who’s interviews with muslim women found they had religious views and attachments to their culture but challenged the restrictions that traditional muslim culture imposed

Answer 12

Butler

Question 13

who found a rise in muslim identity among the young related to 3 factors which are..

Answer 13

Mirza

• British foreign policy - such as invasion of iraq can be seen as anti-islamic
• the decline in other sources of identity so seek sources of new meaning my asserting a muslim identity
• multi cultural policies - based on idea of respecting culture differences but led muslims to demand things like faith schools so they had the opposite effect making muslims feel more different and creates hostility when other groups see special treatment as unfair - drives them to embrace islamic identity

Question 14

belief in god is lowest among those under …. and highest among those over ….

Answer 14

34

55

Question 15

according to voas and crockett, why do people turn to religion as they get older?

Answer 15

naturally become more concerned in spiritual matters and the generational effect impacts who is religious since each new generation is less so. older people grew up at a time where religion was more popular

Question 16

heelas found the majority involved in NAM’S are middle aged and over. she argues the attachment people have for religion is because of three things..

Answer 16

• disengagement - ad people get older become detached from integrating mechanisms of society so face growing privitisation of their lives with increasing social isolation when friends and partners die
• religious socialisation - more likely to have had so may be more likely to discover a religiosity they previously ignored
• ill health and death - religion is concerned with and helps to cope

Question 17

what did Carey the former arch bishop of canterbury say about the Church of England ?

Answer 17

‘an elderly lady, who mutters away to herself, ignored most of the time.’

Question 18

who argues spiritual interest remains high but people exercise more choice in identity construction so are more likely to express spiritual identity through transnational religions like..

Answer 18

Cusack

paganism and vampirism

Question 19

….. argues young people may be turning away from conventional religion to what …. calls an ‘expanded spiritual market place’
he suggests the media has meant there are more sources for young people to build religious identities

Answer 19

Lynch

Roof

Question 20

who came up with believing without belonging ?

Answer 20

davie

Question 21

who suggested their had been reorientation from pubic participation in religion to more private worship?

Answer 21

bellah

Question 22

…. argues people may be finding religious feelings inspired in them by aspects of secular life so may not have lost religiosity but found new forms

Answer 22

lynch

Question 23

What does Lyotard argue about young people being less religious

Answer 23

less likely to believe a single explanation when they can pick, mix and reject them

Question 24

christian research shows half a century ago all children attended sunday school but by …… only ….in… attended

Answer 24

2000

1/25

Question 25

who says children no longer receive religious socialisation and are being brought up without relgious belief so are less likely to become church goers

Answer 25

Gill

Question 26

who admitted he played down religious beliefs for fear of being seen as a nutter by public

Answer 26

tony blair

Question 27

what classes tend to be over represented in churches?

Answer 27

the middle and upper classes

Question 28

who found that church going is largely a middle class pursuit and that those in the poorest groups had the highest proportion of people who did not attend church 
they found that denominations had the highest proportion of working class members

Answer 28

Ashworth and Farthing

Question 29

who suggests that world affirming NRM’s have the greatest appeal to middle class people because followers are customers?

Answer 29

Bruce and Heelas

Question 30

what NRM’s appeal to the working class according to Heelas?

Answer 30

Astrology and fortune telling