Gender, Anatomy and Media Flashcards
Why is vaseline a bad lubricant for sexual intercourse?
-dissolves condoms -can cause infections
Can a female get pregnant during her period?
Yes.
What is the most underreported crime?
Rape/ sexual assult
What two cancers appear in men and women in almost the same, accelerating rates in the U.S?
-prostate cancer–1/6 of men - breast cancer –1/8 of women
What is the Elizabeth Hurly Syndrome?
When birth control gets ineffective due to antibiotic use
Is testicular cancer a cancer of the young or old?
cancer of the young -prostate cancer is the cancer of the old.
How many percent of men that consider themselves heterosexual have had a homoerotic experience to point of orgasm?
-at least 25%
How many percent of women that consider themselves heterosexual have had a homoerotic experience to point of orgasm?
-20%
Does a male have to have an orgasm for the female to get pregnant?
No
How long until someone will usually test positive for HIV?
6 months
A majority of sexual crimes against children are committed by adults that are ——– or ——– of the child victim.
-friends, relatives
Does a female need to have an orgasm to get pregnant?
No
What two drugs might cause a birth control effect in women and impotence in men?
Alcohol Marajuana
The most popular method of birth control among married couples is………..
Sterilization Vasectomy tube tying
What is the most common sexually transmitted disease among college students?
Chlamydia 80% of women are asymptomatic scratches fallopian tubes
Fertilization of the egg begins in……
the Fallopian tube
Most women experience more/less benefits than negative health benefits.
more
Are nocturnal emissions( wet dreams) an indication of sexual problems?
No
The greatest increase of people testing positive for HIV since 1990 are ……..
young peole,minorities and women
How does Thomas Kuhn define a paradigm?
set of beliefs, underlying assumptions, values and techniques shared by a particular community of scientists. a world view
What is Kuhn’s view on ‘pure fact in science’?
-facts only exist within the context of the current paradigm
Ralph Rosnow traced history of experimentalism as a dominant paradigm in social psychology. What is experimentalism?
tightly controlled laboratory experiments is the best way to get “ good” facts on peoples social behaviour.
According to Ralph Rosnow what is wrong with experimentalism?
experimenter and observer bias may lead scientists to collecting poor data or data only supporting their own bias.
What do feminists say has been the basis of the paradigms of psychology?
androcetricism- focus on males from a male perspective
What is the goal of feminism?
To have a world that revolves around males and females jointly.
What is the problem with Traditional or androcentic psychology according to Kuhn?
The definition of gender based personalities (–Masculinity/ Femininity–) being essential to mental health
What new research topics were created by the feminist paragism?
rape,wife-battering,sexual harassment of women at work, how different ethnic groups define gender roles, sexism in psychotherapy
How many species are mentioned in the article Birds Do It, Bonobos Do It?
-450 species
What behaviour the the author of Bids Do it, Bonobos Do it, Marlene Zuk, define as ‘unnatural’?
marriage
What were some responses Zuk gave to those who claim sex is solely about resproduction?
There are other reasons, she lists -Dominance -Pleasure -Solving problems
How does the biopsychosocial orientation relate to the study of sex?
Everything we learn and the ways we choose to view what learn relate directly to our views on Sexuality.
Mass- media portrayals of sexuality are to ………. & ………..
entertain and exploit
What does the media tend to omit about sexual behaviors?
risks & responsibilities
Define the biopsychosocial orientation of Psychology?
how motivations, emotions and attitudes, social learning and biological factors affect how we see ourselves, life and how we are modeled into who we are.
How does the biopsychosocial orientation relate to the study of sex?
Everything we learn and the ways we choose to view what learn relate directly to our views on Sexuality.
Define a norm
current average, what most people are involved in.
What is ‘normal’?
the continuum of what a society accepts as ‘healthy’
Define OSA.
online sexual activity
Define cybersex.
real time talk involving two people engaged in sex talk for purpose of sexual pleasure
List the Triple- A- Engine of cybersex.
Access Affordability Anonymity
define sexual interest
innate pleasure/inclination to act sexually
How do the Hindus view sexuality?
form of achieving highest state of spirtuality
What is the Judeo- Christian view on religion?
-solely for reproduction - angelic females demonic men -men have the sexual experience while females don’t
Define sexual orientation
the sex of the person I am physically and romantically attracted to. Can change over life.
What is Sex based on?
- genetalia -chromosomes -hormones
What is a hermaphrodite?
someone born with mixed genitalia
Can someone be born chromosomal male but anatomically female? What is this called?
Yes, AIS- Androgen Insensitivity syndrome
What is Gender?
socially constructed commands/ messages given on how I should look, feel,act, behave,believe ect based on If I am female or male.
Bisexual, homosexual, heterosexual and asexual are all different types of ——— ———.
sexual oreintations
How do the Mangarians view sexuality?
high sexual desire during adolescence only boys instructed in girl pleasing girls instructed in being orgasmic
The Dani viewed sexuality….
unimportant to life. reproduction sole reason for sexual desire, no belief in female orgasm, both mother and father abstain from sexual activity for 5 years after birth.
What did the Victorian Americans believe about sexuality?
- it was a disorder for a female to be anything besides asexual or experienced with Sexual behavior - female’s had only “reproductive desire”( angelic women) -men were to be raving sexual (demonic men)
What was the Ancient Greeks view on Sexuality?
Relationships between same sex between men was highest form of love male- female relationships were solely for reproduction
How do the Sambians view sexuality?
Solely male relationships in childhood gowing into men by ingestion of semen In adolescence would be be throned to a female and have both male and female relations When women matured the boy would cut off his relations with men
define transsexual
a person who has appearance and behaviors that do not conform to the gender role ascribed to their particular sex Report sexual arousal from cross dressing
Define transgender
a person who has appearance and behaviors that do not conform to the gender role ascribed to their particular sex often cross dress to obtain personal gratification
Define transvestism
wearing the clothes of or passing as a member of the other sex
define two- spirit
in many cultures when a male assumes female dress, gender role, and status
What is the problem with using terms like “natural” and “unnatural” ?
such words are value judgements and lead to close-mindedness.
list the 5 ways of defining normal
-statistic -idealistic -cultural -clinical -subjective
What are the 11 rights in the Declaration of Sexual Rights by the World Association of Sexology(WAS) General Assembly in 1999?
1- Sexual freedom minus sexual coercion, exploitation and abuse 2-right sexual autonomy,sexual integrity,and safety of the sexual body 3-rights to sexual privacy 4-right to sexual equity 5-right to sexual pleasure including autoeroticism(mastrubation) 6- right to emotional sexual expression 7-right to sexually associate freely 8- right to make free and responsible reproductive choices 9- right to sexual information based upon scientific inquiry 10-right to comprehensive sexual education 11-right to sexual healthcare
Define sexual variety
continuam of what is defined as typical sexual behavior
What causes doubt?
open mindeness and being able to change paragisms
What does Droit Du Seigneur mean and how does it show how paradigms change?
- the right of the lord that before a serf got married the lord gets to sleep with the bride to be first
What do the Zuni believe about gender?
That gender is socially aquired
Define coercion
force to do something (physical, verbal or psychological)
Television helps shape our sexual perceptions and behaviors though
reinforcing its version, or bias, of social norms and sterotypes
Science evaluates sexual behavior
by if it is harmful to self or others
mass media’s use for sexuality is to ………… the audiance
entertain and titulate
Define what ‘natural’ sexual behavior means
cultural norm for sexual behavior in society
Define a value judgement
A statement that clearly comes from someones own bias without having sufficent evidence for my conclusions
Define an objective statement
Statements that can be proven or disproven with evidence on how things actually are
Define bias
personal leaning or inclination
Define steriotype
set of simplistic, rigidity held,overgeneralized beliefs about an individual, a group of people, an idea and so on.
Tuskegee Experiment ethical violations
ethical violations- failure to treat people who needed to be treated -not giving informed consent to the participants about what they were to go though
An error in reasoning is called a …..
fallacy
Define the egocentric fallacy
mistaken belief that our own personal experience and values generally are held by others
Define the ethnocentric fallacy
mistaken belief that our own ethnic group, nation, culture is innately superior to others
How long did the Tuskegee Experiment last? What was the continued effect of the experiment?
40 years mistrust of doctors and medical system by African American community
How was the Tuskegee Experiment discoverd to be unethical?
a doctor spoke out, when not recognized by the medical community he went to the press.
Define plethysmograph
device attached to genitals to measure psychological response
The first to argue that both masturbation, female sexuality were normal behaviors and that homosexuality was solely a deviance from the norm and was in born was…….
Havelock Ellis
What did Alfred Kinsey discover in his comprehensive study?
-sexual orientation can change over time - mastrubation helps women become orgasmic, harmless and not a substitute for sexual intercourse We are innaccrate reporters of our own sexual actions
Masters & Johnston
-male vs. female sexual responses are physicolocally -clitorial stimulation is all that is needed for the female orgasm -behavioral therapy needs only a few weeks to treat sexual dsyfunction
What new ideas came out the feminist paradigm shift?
-rape -sexual abuse -ponography -sex, power -gender,power
Sigmund Freud
-took religious teaching and make it into scientific methodology -believed women had immature superegos therefore had no consciousness
Ellen Hooker
(1957)proved that there were no personality differences between homosexuals and heterosexuals. 16 years later homosexuality was taken out of the DSM
define acculturation
adapting to the new culture
What determines the sexual behavior in the Latino community?
degree of acculturation and socioeconomic status
Asian American sexual behaviours
Confucius based stuff like food binding, women being a slave to the man, women is for having babies
generalizations about the sexual behaviors of African Americans
behaviors more tied to economic class than the fact they are African americans
What were the most common assumptions of 19th century medical researchers about homosexuality?
Morality was disquised as science
anatomically speaking what are all embryos for the first 5 weeks?
Female
Clitois in females is the —— in males.
Penis
Job of the clitoris?
sexual arousal
female labia majora is —— in males. Overy equivalent in males is the ——–
scrotum, testies
What makes up the vulva?
mons pubis clioris labia majora labia minora
internal female reproductive and sexual stucture
vagina uterus cervix overies fallopian tubes
2 reproductive functions of vagina
birth canal allows Menstral flow to pass
Increased vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal is for…….
increased possibility of conception reduces tension in vaginal walls
how many oocytes does a female have at birth?
1/2 million
About how many oocytes will mature and be realesed during a females life time?
about 400
mammory gland is another term for
brests
what hormone is important for both male and female libido?
testosterone
What causes cervical cancer?
the HPV virus might not show for up to 5 years
How long does a mature oocyte last before leaving body?
24 hrs
How long do sperm last in female body( how long can they wait to fertilize the egg)
5 days
menstral synchrony is caused by…
pheromones
Dsymenorea
painful periods from to many progestrones
amenorea
don’t get periods often associated with anorexia(underweight) hormones out of sync
list the sexual response cycle
1- Excitement( in women takes longer) 2- Plateau 3- orgasm 4-resolution ( in men a refractory period
Why do people fake orgasms?
- to get it over with -not deflate ego of partner
What is oxytocin?
The “ bonding/ love” hormone Can be realased from good sex– Why hugging is common after sex
How big is the average vagina?
4-6 inches flacid 5-7 inches aroused
What is the point Gloria Steinem making in “ If Men could Menstrate”?
That if men in our current paradigm got the ability to menstrate they would boost about it and mensus envy would exist.
Why is there a need for PMS according to the handout from Half The Human Experience by Hyde?
Gives Women to express the one emotion they are not allowed to express which is Anger.
What do women have to be angry about according to Hyde?
low-status jobs,unequal pay for equal work, and battering
When did the concept of PMS become popular?
in the beginning of the 1980’s while the feminine movement was urging women to discover their anger
According to Hyde, Why is the PMS attribution a self-fulfilling prophecy?
Women ignore the negative emotions they have during all other times of the month or brush them off as just a bad day or angry at someone or something that’s happened, classifying only the emotions during PMS cycle as normal to her gender role.
How is Premenstrual Dysphoic Disorder(PMDD) similar to PMS?
involves being depressed before the start of mensus. Which can be a symptom for women during PMS.
Why is PMDD degrading and harmful to women?
-custody of children may be impacted due to the mother having a ‘psychiatric’ problems. -medical psycians falling to diagnose pelvic problems from STDS –has no scientific backing to it -should be treated like normal depression
What are the external male sexual structures?
Scrotum Penis
What are the 3 sections of the penis
The root, the shaft, the head(glans penis)
What are the cowper’s glands for?
create lubrication, better environment for sperm
How long does it take for sperms to mature?
90 days
What mental disorders are more common in the ofspring of men 40 years or older?
Autism Schizophrenia
Sperm make up what % of semen?
1% of semen
What path ways do Sperm follow out of the male body?
they go into the seminiferous tubles into the epidymis into the vans deferance
Vasectomy
Happens by cutting the vans deferance can be reversable
Tubal Ligation
cuting fallopian tubes and tieing them off Not reversible
Phallic phallacy
the theory defined and disproven by Masters and Johnston that the penis must be as big as possible.
According to Freud who has penis envy? According to current knowledge?
Freud’s lie: Women have penis envy Current Knowledge:men have penis envy due to social values
Define Koro
penis is being absorbed into body (in Asian countries)\
define caustration
removing of the testies
Where does Semen come from?
Seminal vesicles(70%) prostate (30%)
How many sperm come out in each ejaculation?
200- 600 million
How many mange to make it to the Fallopian tube?
1000 sperm
define retrograde ejaculation
ejaculating back into the bladder
What are Kegel exercises?
exercises of loosening then tightening genital muscles
What is the average size of a penis falccid?
3 inches
What does the exclusive view of Gender believe?
the interplanetary view, “men are from Mars, Women are from Venus, emphasizes the differences between genders
What is the inclusive view of gender?
The overlapping curves, emphasizes on the simulates between the genders.
By what age do children Know what gender is( not neccarly what it’s based on)?
Age 2
What is the cognitive social learning theory?
learning through rewards and puinishments
What are social role scripts?
the acts, rules,and expectations associated with a particular role
Why according to Gloria Stienam do we have a violent society?
Because we have violent families
Label part of this diagram of the female reproductive system
Label the parts
Label the parts
Label the parts of the male reproductive system
Label the parts
Label the parts of the inside of the penis
Label the parts of the cross section of the testicle
