Gender

Question 1

what is the gender pay gap for full-time workers?

Answer 1

13.7%

Question 2

how does gender discrimination play a role in inequalities within the workplace

Answer 2

• 19% said they are paid less than their male counterparts

- 43% of young mothers have faced maternity discrimination

Question 3

2018 survey - Poll for the Young Women’s Trust

Answer 3

23% of young females have been sexually harassed at work but only 8% reported it because they were scared to lose their job

Question 4

Gender Equality Index

Answer 4

In Britain and the EU, women still do substantially more housework than men - affecting their ability to take on full-time employment

Question 5

how can Marxist theory be used in relation to gender inequalities

Answer 5

Reserve Army of Labour - women are secondary employees so after the 2008 economic downturn, female full-time employment decreased

Question 6

Ginn (1996)

Answer 6

it is the employer’s attitudes that confine women to the secondary labour market of insecure + low-paid work

Question 7

how does Hakim contradict Ginn (1996) ?

Answer 7

believes the 3 classifications of the attitudes of women are to blame for their employment status:

1. ‘Home-centred’ - family life is prioritised over work (20%)
2. ‘adaptive’ - those who want to balance work and family + those who want to work but aren’t committed enough (60%)
3. ‘work-centred’ - childless women whose main priority is employment (20%)

Question 8

2 ways Hakim can be evaluated?

Answer 8

1. by Ginn (1996)

2. ignores the power of the patriarchy is oppressing women + shaping their preferences to suit men.

Question 9

1. Brewer (1993)

2. what contemporary evidence can be applied to Brewer

Answer 9

1. Black Feminism
   - “Triple disadvantage” (sexism, racism + working class) faced by ethnic minority women
2. BBC Podcast on black women facing discrimination at work for their hair

Question 10

what did the BBC Podcast outline

Answer 10

black women were forced to hide/cut their natural hair to avoid ‘offending’ customers

Question 11

1. what is intersectionality
2. who coined the term
3. what theory/study can it be applied to

Answer 11

1. when inequalities e.g. gender + ethnicity overlap
2. Kimberle Crenshaw
3. Brewer - Black Feminism “triple disadvantage”