Gender

Question 1

Women use more standard variants

Answer 1

Labov (1966)

Trudgill (1974) -in

Question 2

Hudson - pattern between sex and prestige

Answer 2

Labov NYC
Trudgill Norwich
Cheshire Reading (1982)

Question 3

Women have more customer faving roles

Answer 3

Zhang (2005)

Question 4

Women lead in changes from above and below

Answer 4

Meyerhoff (2006)

Question 5

Change from above

Answer 5

Overtly prestigious

Postvocalic /r/ in NYC

Question 6

Change from below

Answer 6

Unconscious and casual
Raising of (ay) in Detroit

Question 7

Women are more sensitive to social evaluation

Answer 7

Labov (2001)

Question 8

46/48 interruptions in mixed conversations came from men

Answer 8

Zimmerman & West (1975)

Question 9

Goodwin (1980) interactions of children

Answer 9

Boys give explicit commands assert status, learn to gain the floor
Girls give implicit directives, maintain closeness, learn to interpret others

Question 10

Holmes - gender and class

Answer 10

Similar features distinguish both genre and class e.g. Trudgill

Question 11

Pamela Fishman (1983)

Answer 11

Women use more
- questions
- minimal responses
Less successful in initiating topics

Question 12

Babir (1986)

Answer 12

Men use more Classical Arabic features while women used more variants

Men often more educated with more prestigious jobs

Question 13

Cheshire Vernacular Culture Index

Answer 13

Class a feature use correlated to VCI

Question 14

Female social distinctive ness (Eckert)

Answer 14

Burned-out burnout girls showed most urban vowels whilst jock girls showed the least