Gender

Question 1

Boys commit more crime, why? (Gender crime)

Answer 1

1) labelling theory
2) chivalry hypothesis
3) gender role socialisation

Question 2

What is the labelling theory? (Gender crime)

Answer 2

Police look for young male deviants - stats are a social construction

Question 3

What is the chivalry hypothesis? (Gender crime)

Answer 3

Women are treated more leniently in court out of respect for feminine vulnerability

Question 4

What did Hood (1989) find? (Gender crime)

Answer 4

Men were more likely to be given a custodial sentence

Question 5

What is gender role socialisation? (Gender crime)

Answer 5

Boys are more likely to be brought up to have values that overlap with criminality e.g being tough

Question 6

What does Messerschmidt state? (Gender crime)

Answer 6

Boys in the uk were socialised into hegemonic masculine value system (males have to achieve the goals of being a ‘real’ man)

Question 7

Give an example of a hegemonic goal (gender crime)

Answer 7

• gaining respect from other males
• having power
• taking risks

Question 8

What does Katz argue? (Gender crime)

Answer 8

Crime is explained through people’s backgrounds, but many acts of crime are committed out of boredom

Question 9

Give two reasons why girls don’t commit crime (gender crime)

Answer 9

1) biological explanation

2) sex role theory

Question 10

What did Parsons find in regards to the sex role theory? (Gender crime)

Answer 10

Girls tend to have clear role models

Question 11

What did Farrington and Painter (2004) find in regards to the sex role theory? (Gender crime)

Answer 11

Female officers were more likely to have had harsh parents. Girls are seen as ‘guardians of domestic morality’ so should not take risks

Question 12

Explain the rational choice theory (gender crime)

Answer 12

Working class women lack controls, they are dependent on benefits and have weak family attachments: crime is the only route to a decent standard of living

Question 13

What does Denscombe (2001) state about the rise in female crime? (Gender crime)

Answer 13

Females are now engaging in risk taking behaviour, a laddette culture is emerging

Question 14

What does Adler believe? (Gender crime)

Answer 14

Feminism coincides with the rise in crime as women are demanding equality in a legitimate and illegal ways

Question 15

What did Jones (2008) suggest? (Gender crime)

Answer 15

Women are being more criminal because males are having a larger say in their lives, convincing them to commit criminal acts

Question 16

What is the double standards notion? (Gender crime)

Answer 16

Women are judged and punished twice as hard as males because they don’t conform to traditional female stereotypes

Question 17

What did Walklate find? (Gender crime)

Answer 17

In rape cases, women were not treated fairly with their sexual history being used against them

Question 18

What did Carlen find? (Gender crime)

Answer 18

In Scottish courts, judges acknowledged they made decisions on sentencing women based on being a good mother or wife

Question 19

What did Browne (2009) find? (Gender crime)

Answer 19

By their 40th birthday, 1 in 3 males have been convicted of a crime, compared to 1 in 10 females