Gender

Question 1

Pollak

Answer 1

Men protective towards women therefore criminal justice system is more lenient with women.

Question 2

Carlen

Answer 2

Women jailed, less for ‘the seriousness of their crimes and more according to the courts assessment of them as wives, mothers and daughters’
Women are lead to conformity:
-Class deal-women who work will be offered material rewards with a decent standard of living and leisure opportunities.
-Gender deal- patriarchal ideology promises women material gain and emotional rewards form family life by conforming to a domestic gender role.

Question 3

Parsons

Answer 3

Gender roles in the traditional nuclear family cause crime. Boys encouraged to be tough, aggressive and risk taking so are more likely to take advantage of criminal opportunities when they arise.

Question 4

Dobash and Dobash

Answer 4

Many violent attacks result from men’s dissatisfaction with their wives’ performance of domestic duties. Men also exercise financial control by denying women sufficient funds for leisure activities.

Question 5

Oakley

Answer 5

Sex- biological differences.
Gender- culturally constructed differences.
Instrumental role- performed in public sphere.
Expressive role- performed in private sphere.

Question 6

Adler

Answer 6

“Liberation Thesis” as women become liberated from patriarchy their crimes will become and serious as men’s.

Question 7

Messerschmidt

Answer 7

Masculinity is a social construct to which men try to live up to. This masculine image causes men to commit crime.

Question 8

Heidensohn

Answer 8

• Women’s behaviour conformist.
• Control at home- housework, childcare= severe restrictions on women’s time.
• Control in public- Women fear threat of male violence.
• Control at work- kept in place by male supervisors and managers.
• Females treated more harshly when deviate from gender norms.
• e.g. Double standards, courts punish girls for promiscuous activity.