Functionalist

Question 1

Cohen

Answer 1

Status Frustration. Working class males.
By lacking legitimate means (education) the boys suffer status frustration.
They resolve their frustration by rejecting mainstream middle class values and form a subculture.

Question 2

Durkheim

Answer 2

Crime is inevitable.
Crime reminds us of boundaries.
Allows society to change in tune with new crimes.
Anomie- normlessness.

Question 3

Merton

Answer 3

Strain theory-
Deviance is the result of a strain between 2 things:
1. The goals that a culture encourages individuals to achieve.
2. What the institutional structure of society allows them to achieve legitimately e.g American Dream- getting money legitimately.
The 5 types of deviant adaptations:
1. Conformists- have goals and means.
2. Innovators- have goals but not means.
3. Ritualists- have means but not goals.
4. Retreatists- don’t have either.
5. Rebels- can either have both or neither.

Question 4

Polsky

Answer 4

Pornography safely ‘channels’ a variety of sexual desires away from alternatives such as adultery which would pose a greater threat to the family.

Question 5

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 5

Three subcultures:
Criminal- Arise in those neighbourhoods where there is a hierarchy of crime.
Conflict- Result in high population turn over areas in loosely organised gangs.
Retreatist- Any neighbourhood based on illegal drug use.

Question 6

Davis

Answer 6

Prostitution acts as a “safety valve” for the release of men’s sexual frustrations without threatening the monogamous nuclear family.