Gender Flashcards
Carlen: Gender Deal
People turn to crime if they don’t think the reward exists or the reward is greater for committing the crime.
Believes WC women are controlled to conform to two types of deals.
Class Deal: working women get material rewards, better standard of living.
Gender Deal: material and emotional rewards from family life if you conform to conventional gender role.
Carlen’s Study: Gender Deal
Studies 39 women who had convictions.
Class deal: women had failed to find a legitimate income. Gained no rewards from the deal so had nothing to lose by using crime to escape poverty.
Gender deal: most of them hadn’t had the opportunity to conform to the patriarchal norms of the nuclear family.
Adler: Liberation Thesis
Men and women have become more equal and under less control so the crimes women have committed has changed. No longer commit ‘female’ crimes, now commit male like crimes such as violence.
Parsons: sex role theory
Links differences in crime to the gender roles in a nuclear family. Men take on the instrumental role outside of the home and women take on the expressive role in the home.
Cohen: sex role theory
Argues that because boys have less socialising and a lack of a male role model means boys are more likely to join street gangs.
Heidensohn: Control theory
Women are conformists and commit fewer crimes and less serious crimes than men. Society is patriarchal and imposes more control over women, which reduces their opportunity to offend.
.control at home
.control in public
.control at work
Messerschmit: hegemonic masculinity
Masculinity explains men’s higher rate of offending. Argues hegemonic masculinity is the masculinity most men accept and want.
Some men (WC and ethnic minorities) are subordinate to masculinity so turn to crime to express their masculinity.
Winlow: De-Industrialisation
Argues that young working class males have become more violent in the past 40 years because of the changing economy.
Decline in manual work and increase in serve sector jobs.
Men can longer express their masculinity so they turn to crime to do this instead.
