gender

Question 1

Traditional/Negative reps of women - Tunstall

Answer 1

The media emphasize women as domestic, and sexual, ignoring the fact British women go out to work.

Question 2

Traditional/Negative reps of women - Tuchman

Answer 2

narrow range of women leads to ‘symbolic annihilation’ in media. where mass media omit, trivialise, or condemn groups to be viewed as mothers, sex objects.

Question 3

Traditional/Negative reps of women - Fergeson

Answer 3

the cult of feminity is a concept built from women’s magazines that promote excellence though caring for others.

Question 4

Traditional/Negative reps of women - Glascock

Answer 4

males are physically aggressive, but females are verbally aggressive. males predominate on camera demographics.

Question 5

Traditional/Negative reps of men - Katz

Answer 5

epidemic of male violence rooted in the fact the media portrays men stereotypically. Media enforced messages though video games, films, advertising, TV that reinforce hegemonic values
Of violence, sexism and homophobia.

Question 6

Traditional/Negative reps of men - Easthorpe

Answer 6

Hollywood films and video games transmit the view that masculinity is based on strength, aggression and competition. Violence is biologically determined so it is a natural goal for boys to achieve.

Question 7

Traditional/Negative reps of men - Gauntlett

Answer 7

many magazines continue to objectify women sexually. Also, it presents ideas of ‘retributive masculinity,’ which reaffirms masculine men by glorifying what is masculine.

Question 8

Changing/positive representations of femininity - Gill

Answer 8

women aren’t portrayed in the male gaze. Depicted as active, independent, and sexually powerful. They are presented as vengeful sexy women.

Question 9

Changing/positive representations of femininity - Westwood

Answer 9

‘transgressive female roles’ in British TV are breaking hegemonic social/moral/gender roles, which now empower women.

Question 10

Changing/positive representations of femininity - Glascock

Answer 10

Supports Westwood as there is a range of femininity portrayed in the media such as ‘independent women’ e.g Katniss everdeen she’s independent and can control her emotions.

Question 11

Changing/positive representations of femininity - Guantlett

Answer 11

media has a greater diversity of choice, younger audience are now open to female leads, placing heavy importance on appearance e.g. Lady Gaga.

Question 12

Changing/positive representations of masculinity - Easthorpe

Answer 12

1980s saw rise in magazines that suggested men can be emotionally vulnerable, more in touch with emotions, treat women equally, and active fatherhood.

Question 13

Changing/positive representations of masculinity - Nixion

Answer 13

argued that men began caring about their appearance, buying perfumes,and designer clothes. From the levis laundrette advert which created the concept of the ‘new man’

Question 14

Changing/positive representations of masculinity - Mort

Answer 14

supported Nixon’s study, finding that because men are buying more products consumption patterns have changed.

Question 15

Changing/positive representations of masculinity - Whannel

Answer 15

Men are presented as metrosexual, which is an emotional commitment to their family, spending a great deal of time, effort, and money on their image.