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Sociology > Gender > Flashcards

Gender Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How much males in the UK are convicts ?

A

4/5

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2
Q

By the age of 40 what are the percentage of males that are convicts compared to females

A

32% male
9% female

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3
Q

What types of crime are females more likely to commit ?

A

Property offences e.g. burglary

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4
Q

What types of crime are males more likely to commit ?

A

Violent or sexual crimes

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5
Q

True or false :
Are men more likely to be repeat offenders ?

A

True

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6
Q

Yes or no :
Do official statistics provide a true representation of female offending ?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the actual female offending facts ?

A

•female crimes such as shoplifting more likely to be unreported

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8
Q

What is the chivalry thesis ?

A

This is the theory that men are more “chivalrous “ ( protective ) of women

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9
Q

What did Otto Pollak say ?

A

-Men more protective towards females
-Therefore male police officers less likely to arrest them

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10
Q

Which theorists supported chivalry thesis ?

A

•Graham and Bowling
•Flood

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11
Q

How did Graham and Bowling support chivalry thesis ?

A

Girls crime rate was higher than official statistics suggested

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12
Q

How did Flood support Chivalry thesis ?

A

Found women are more likely to be cautioned compared to men

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13
Q

What do official statistics show ?

A

Females more likely to be released on bail, receive a fine and less likely to to go to prison

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14
Q

What is the evidence against chivalry thesis ?

A

•Farrington and Buckle -> twice as many males shoplift
•self report studies show -> men do commit more crime

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15
Q

Feminists view on Chivalry thesis

A

Court are not more lenient on women but instead more harsh

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16
Q

What did feminists find to back up their point ?

A

•Heidenson =women not punished for crime but punished for disobeying gender norms
•Carlen = court take into account whether a women is a mother before they punish them - if child in care the women more likely to get sent to jail
•Rape cases = women who are victims have to fight their case

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17
Q

Which theorist talks about how women have to fight their case in Rape situations?

A

Walklate

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18
Q

Who talks about sex role theory ?

A

Functionalists

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19
Q

What is the sex role theory ?

A

Men take instrumental role ( money , tough) and women take on expressive role ( caring )
•encourages boys to reject tenderness but instead become delinquents

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20
Q

Which theorist talk about patriarchal control theory and does it reduce crime ?

A

Feminists and they believe due to women being controlled it restricts them from committing crime

21
Q

Which specific feminist theorist talks about patriarchal control theory ?

A

Heidensohn

22
Q

What are the three areas of control Heidenson found ?

A

•Control at Home
•control in public
•Control at work

23
Q

How are feminists controlled at home ?

A

•Women confined to the house
•Women face domestic violence at home
+DOBASH AND DOBASH found violence occurred due to males being unimpressed how female do duties
•women restricted leisure time as no money

24
Q

Which theorist says violence occurs due to males dissatisfaction of women performing duties ?

A

DOBASH AND DOBASH

25
Q

How are women controlled in public ?

A

•Islington survey found 54% women avoid going out after dark
•girls controlled in school as the receive sexualised verbal abuse from boys

26
Q

How are women controlled at work ?

A

•Women are subordinate to men
•Heidenson says patriarchy pushes women into poverty
•Reduces opportunity to commit crim

27
Q

What type of female crime as a result of patriarchy?

A

Theft and prostitution to earn a living

28
Q

What two types of reward did Carlen find ?

A

•class deal
•gender deal

29
Q

What does Hirschi say ?

A

Humans act rationally and controlled by deals

30
Q

What is the class deal ?

A

Women who are offered material rewards therefore have a decent standard of living and luxury

31
Q

What is the gender deal ?

A

Women gain emotional and material rewards if they conform to gender norms -> can lead to people falling into crime as they feel trapped

32
Q

What did Carlen find from his study ?

A

•class deal
32 women always lived in poverty and didn’t improved chance of getting into work
•gender deal
Lots of women didn’t have opportunity to make deal as
- suffered donenstic abuse
-spent time in care

33
Q

Who talks about control theory ?

A

HIRSCHI

34
Q

Criticism of control theory

A

Stated women are fundamentally shaped by society and ignores element of free will

35
Q

Which theorist talks about liberation thesis ?

A

Adler

36
Q

What is liberation thesis ?

A

More oppportunities for women therefore coming more crime
(Women more assertive less subject to control )
One example is social policy equal pay act

37
Q

What evidence supports liberation thesis

A

Denscome studied teenage girls and found they engaged in risk taking behaviour and wanted to “look hard “

38
Q

Evaluation of liberation thesis

A

•Female crime rose in 1950s before women’s liberation movement in 1960s
•female offenders more likely to be working class -> middle class who had opportunities didn’t fall into crime and benefited more

39
Q

Crimininalisation of females

A

Women arrested for less serious forms of violence
E.g. USA domestic abuse both parties arrested even thought women is the victim

40
Q

How many males are victims are homocide ?

A

70%

41
Q

Which gender are more likely to be victims of violence ?

A

Males

42
Q

How many percentage of women who are sexually assaulted go and actually report it ?

A

8%

43
Q

What did Lea and Young find in victim surveys ?

A

Women are at greater risk and women do not report all violence during victim surveys

44
Q

What does Messerschmidt say ?

A

Masculinity is a social construct and men have to work to achieve it

45
Q

What does the key term that means society says an idea to what a real man is ?

A

HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY

46
Q

Different ways groups achieve hegemonic masculinity:

A

•white middle class youths -> subordinate yourself to middle class status . Due to this masculinity takes place through drinking
•white working class -> masculinity achieved in and out of school
•black working class -> express masculinity through violence

47
Q

Evaluation of Messerschmidt

A

Fails to explain why all men do not use crime to achieve hegemonic masculinity

48
Q

What does Winlow talk about ?

A

Young me found new opportunities to combine working and achieving hegemonic masculinity e.g. bouncer

49
Q

How can you achieve hegemonic masculinity through a bouncer ?

A

Look the part
- bodily capital -> physically built
-tattoos
-strong
-> have to look scary to keep people away and if people enter fight to kick them out

Sociology (9 decks)

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