Ethnicity

Question 1

How many times more likely to be arrested than white people ?

Answer 1

2.4 x

Question 2

What is a victim survey ?

Answer 2

Asks individuals what crimes they have been victims off

Question 3

What can we gain from victim surveys ?

Answer 3

•gain information about ethnicity and offending
•mugging black people over represented

Question 4

What are limitations of victim surveys ?

Answer 4

-Exclude under 10s
-cover personal crimes excluding corporate crimes
-rely on memory

Question 5

What is a self report study ?

Answer 5

Ask individuals to reveal information about the acts they have committed

Question 6

Negatives of self report studies

Answer 6

•lack validity
•low response rate

Question 7

Different policing tactics created

Answer 7

•stop and search tactic -people stopped on reasonable suspicion
•terrorism act -allows people to be stopped without reasonable suspicion

Question 8

How much more times are police more likely to be stopped than whites ?

Answer 8

7x

Question 9

How much more times are Asians more likely to be stopped than whites ?

Answer 9

X2

Question 10

Under terrorism act how much times more likely are Asians stopped ?

Answer 10

X3

Question 11

What is arrest and cautions?

Answer 11

Police arrest and caution an individual

Question 12

Which ethnic group did police arrest and caution without sufficient evidence ?

Answer 12

Asians and black

Question 13

How much more was the arrest rate for blacks compared to whites ?

Answer 13

3x

Question 14

Who do ethnic minority prefer in a trial crown court or jury ?

Answer 14

Jury

Question 15

Why do ethnic minorities prefer a jury ?

Answer 15

Don’t trust crown court and crown court give out harsher sentences

Question 16

Which ethnic groups more likely to be found not guilty ?

Answer 16

Black and Asians

Question 17

What did HOOD find ?

Answer 17

-Black had 3 month longer sentences than whites
-Asians had 9 months longer sentences than whites

Question 18

How many more times are black more likely to be in prison than whites ?

Answer 18

4 times out of

Question 19

Two ways two explain differences in offending explained by two groups . Which groups ?

Answer 19

-Left realist
-Neomarxist

Question 20

Three factors that create crime from left realists

Answer 20

1)Relative Deprivation
2)Subcultures
3)Marginalisation

Question 21

How does left realists factors lead to offending ?

Answer 21

•racism lead to marginalisation-> can’t access consumer goods ->fall into utilitarian crimes

Question 22

Criticism of left realists

Answer 22

Criticised for views on police racism
As they found Asians passive and harmless not stereotype them bad so now Asians seen as dangerous

Question 23

What do neo Marxists say ?

Answer 23

Crime is a result of resisting capitalism

Question 24

Who talks about the myth of black criminality ?

Answer 24

Gilroy

Question 25

What is black criminality ?

Answer 25

-Created by racial stereotypes - black crime is due to extension of resistance Black community are victims of racial stereotypes

Question 26

Criticism of black criminality

Answer 26

•Lea and Young say Gilroy romanticise street crime if revolutionary First generation immigrants law abiding so did not pass down anti -colonial struggles

Question 27

What did Hall look at ?

Answer 27

Policing crime

Question 28

What was policing crime ?

Answer 28

•1970 Hugh unemployment more rebellion •Black people used as scape goats due to “mugging “ which created a moral panic as everyone began to shift blame on them forgetting the high unemployment

Question 29

Evaluation of Hall

Answer 29

Downes and Rock say inconsistent as he said black street crime wasn’t rising but it’s rising

Question 30

Who talks about neighbourhood?

Answer 30

Fitzgerald

Question 31

What does he say about neighbourhoods ?

Answer 31

Black people more likely to live in poor neighbourhood therefore more likely to fall into crime

Question 32

What do Sharp and Budd talk about ?

Answer 32

Getting caught as some groups are more likely to get caught

Question 33

What is racist victimisation ?

Answer 33

When a person is viewed as a target based on ethnicity

Question 34

What supports racist victimisation?

Answer 34

Stephen Lawrence case

Question 35

How many racist incidents were reported in England and Wales ?

Answer 35

54,000