Ethnicity Flashcards
How many times more likely to be arrested than white people ?
2.4 x
What is a victim survey ?
Asks individuals what crimes they have been victims off
What can we gain from victim surveys ?
•gain information about ethnicity and offending
•mugging black people over represented
What are limitations of victim surveys ?
-Exclude under 10s
-cover personal crimes excluding corporate crimes
-rely on memory
What is a self report study ?
Ask individuals to reveal information about the acts they have committed
Negatives of self report studies
•lack validity
•low response rate
Different policing tactics created
•stop and search tactic -people stopped on reasonable suspicion
•terrorism act -allows people to be stopped without reasonable suspicion
How much more times are police more likely to be stopped than whites ?
7x
How much more times are Asians more likely to be stopped than whites ?
X2
Under terrorism act how much times more likely are Asians stopped ?
X3
What is arrest and cautions?
Police arrest and caution an individual
Which ethnic group did police arrest and caution without sufficient evidence ?
Asians and black
How much more was the arrest rate for blacks compared to whites ?
3x
Who do ethnic minority prefer in a trial crown court or jury ?
Jury
Why do ethnic minorities prefer a jury ?
Don’t trust crown court and crown court give out harsher sentences
Which ethnic groups more likely to be found not guilty ?
Black and Asians
What did HOOD find ?
-Black had 3 month longer sentences than whites
-Asians had 9 months longer sentences than whites
How many more times are black more likely to be in prison than whites ?
4 times out of
Two ways two explain differences in offending explained by two groups . Which groups ?
-Left realist
-Neomarxist
Three factors that create crime from left realists
1)Relative Deprivation
2)Subcultures
3)Marginalisation
How does left realists factors lead to offending ?
•racism lead to marginalisation-> can’t access consumer goods ->fall into utilitarian crimes
Criticism of left realists
Criticised for views on police racism
As they found Asians passive and harmless not stereotype them bad so now Asians seen as dangerous
What do neo Marxists say ?
Crime is a result of resisting capitalism
Who talks about the myth of black criminality ?
Gilroy
What is black criminality ?
-Created by racial stereotypes
- black crime is due to extension of resistance
Black community are victims of racial stereotypes
Criticism of black criminality
•Lea and Young say Gilroy romanticise street crime if revolutionary
First generation immigrants law abiding so did not pass down anti -colonial struggles
What did Hall look at ?
Policing crime
What was policing crime ?
•1970 Hugh unemployment more rebellion
•Black people used as scape goats due to “mugging “ which created a moral panic as everyone began to shift blame on them forgetting the high unemployment
Evaluation of Hall
Downes and Rock say inconsistent as he said black street crime wasn’t rising but it’s rising
Who talks about neighbourhood?
Fitzgerald
What does he say about neighbourhoods ?
Black people more likely to live in poor neighbourhood therefore more likely to fall into crime
What do Sharp and Budd talk about ?
Getting caught as some groups are more likely to get caught
What is racist victimisation ?
When a person is viewed as a target based on ethnicity
What supports racist victimisation?
Stephen Lawrence case
How many racist incidents were reported in England and Wales ?
54,000
