Gender

Question 1

What is Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 1

The idea that a childs understanding of gender becomes more sophisticated with age due to biological maturation

Question 2

What is Kohlberg’s 3 stages?

Answer 2

Gender identity
Gender stability
Gender Constancy

Question 3

What age is Kohlbergs gender identity stage?

Answer 3

Around age 2

Question 4

What age is Kohlbergs gender stability stage?

Answer 4

Age 4

Question 5

What age is Kohlbergs gender constancy stage?

Answer 5

Age 6

Question 6

What is sex?

Answer 6

The biological differences between males and females

Hormones, chromosomes, Anatomy

Question 7

What is gender?

Answer 7

The psychological, social and cultural differences between men and women

Question 8

What is sex-role stereotypes?

Answer 8

A set of beliefs and preconceived ideas about what is expected of men/women in a given society/social group

Question 9

Who usually reinforces sex-role stereotypes?

Answer 9

Parents, peers, the media and other institutions like school

Question 10

What is the main issue of sex-role stereotypes?

Answer 10

Creates sexist assumptions

Question 11

What happened to chromosomes in Klinefelter’s syndrome?

Answer 11

+ one X chromosome
Becomes XXY
Affects 1/600

Question 12

What happened to chromosomes in Turner’s syndrome?

Answer 12

The removal of an X chromosome
Becomes X0
Affects 1/5000

Question 13

What is Androgyny?

Answer 13

Displaying a balance of masculine and feminine characteristics in ones personality

Question 14

What is Bem’s Sex Role Inventory?

Answer 14

60 characteristics split into 3 categories of feminine, masculine and neutral.

Responders rated themselves on a 7 levelled likert rating scale

Then results placed them into a grid, with categories
Feminine, Masculine - Androgynous, Undifferentiated

Question 15

Name 4 physical characteristics of kleinfelter’s syndrome

Answer 15

• Long gangy limbs
• reduction in body hair
• Underdeveloped genitals
• Gynaecomastia

Question 16

Name 4 physical characteristics of Turner’s syndrome

Answer 16

• Webbed neck
• High waist to hip ratio
• No menstrual cycle
• Physically immature

Question 17

Name 3 psychological characteristics of Turner’s syndrome

Answer 17

• Higher than average reading abilities
• Poor maths, visual, spatial task performance
• Trouble fitting in

Question 18

Name 3 psychological characteristics of klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 18

• poor response to stressful situations
• Memory, language, reading abilities problem solving issues
• Lack of interest in sexual activity

Question 19

What is a strength of research into atypical chromosome patterns?

Answer 19

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Australian study, 87 participants with klinefelter’s syndrome

Those of them identified and treated at a young ages benefited significantly compared to those diagnosed at adulthood

Research in this area can lead to positive outcomes for these individuals

An example of social sensitivity research that can benefit the quality of life

Question 20

What are 2 limitations of research into atypical chromosome patterns?

Answer 20

EXTERNAL FACTORS
social factors may play a role in their behaviour differences
They may be treated differently therefore the idea that their behaviour is based on purely nurture is arguable (PSYCH DIFFERENCES)

GENERALISATION ISSUE
These are unusual and unrepresentative samples
Generalisation from these individuals to the rest of the population
Differences could be social rather than just nature, making generalisation even more difficult

Question 21

What are the 3 hormones linked to gender?

Answer 21

Testosterone, Oestrogen and Oxytocin

Question 22

What is the role of oxytocin?

Answer 22

A hormone that causes contractions of the uterus during labour and stimulation lactation