Gender Flashcards
Dominance model
Language is driven by a hierarchal position
Zimmerman and West
Research suggested that men interrupt more than women do
Beattie
Interruptions show interest and involvement
Opposing Zimmerman and West research
More reliable
Spender
Women are less assertive due to tradition (patriarchy)
Women are not deficient, men are socially dominant
Fishman
‘Shitwork’
Women put more effort into conversation due to ‘inferior’ position (eg. Tag Qs, starting convo, back chanelling)
Fishman (1990s)
Women ask more question, attention grabbing phrases, reactive noises.
Deficit model
o barr and atkins
courtroom study (studied for 30 days)
powerless language is not gendered
3 men and 3 women - first man and woman used ‘women’s’ language
language is characterised by power in a conversation, not gender
jesperson
women have innate deficiency
they talk more than men, use hyperboles and have a smaller vocab
lakoff
women are deficient due to socialisation
women are less authoritative
they use hedging, tag Qs, euphemisms, more indirect
holmes
types of tag questions
politeness and extend convo
Difference model
men and women’s language is different - structure and intentions
tannen
differences in language is a result of socialisation
‘speech style’ instead of women’s language
women - rapport style: feelings and relationships
men - report style: power and competition
support/status, understanding/advice, intimacy/independence, feelings/information
locke
‘duels and duets’ - differences are biologically rooted
men want to elevate status
women want to cooperate
coates
‘(real) men talk’ - impersonal topics, rapid fire turns, lack of overlapping
penne baker
differences within genders, not between them.
gimens
damages genders to acknowledge differences
Dynamic model
we construct our own version of masculinity and femininity based on situation
Cameron
misleading to focus on differences
differences lead to workplace discrimination
Hyde
more similarities than differences
differences due to more than gender
