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English Lang > Gender > Flashcards

Gender Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What is the Dominance model?

A

The idea that men’s use of language dominates the weaker female sex due to their higher position in society

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2
Q

What did Robin Lakoff study?

A

the idea of there being a ‘woman’s language’

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3
Q

What was Lakoffs book called?

A

Language and woman’s place (1975)

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4
Q

What analysis did Lakoff make about women’s words?

A

Use more empty adjectives, intensifiers and weak expletives e.g oh dear

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5
Q

What did Lakoff analyse about women’s grammar?

A

They use tag questions, hedges and hypercorrect grammar

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6
Q

What did Lakoff analyse about women’s phonology?

A

A rising intonation and an exaggerated intonation

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7
Q

What did Lakoff analyse about women’s politeness?

A

They apologise more, use euphemisms and polite forms

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8
Q

Evaluation of Lakoff?

A
  • stereotypes the genders
  • no research just observation
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9
Q

What did Zimmerman and West evaluate?

A

The idea that men interrupt more due to their domination

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10
Q

How did Beattie oppose Z+W?

A

you might simply have one very voluble man in the study which has a disproportionate effect on the total

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11
Q

Zimmerman and wests study:

A

California in 1975
31 segments of conversations
11 conversations (46 male interruptions, 2 male interruptions)

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12
Q

Issues of zimmerman and wests study:

A

small study
all white middle class subjects
sees interruptions as a negative

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13
Q

What was Dale spenders study?

A

Dominance Model

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14
Q

What did Spender gather from the dominance model?

A

She gathered that you can’t get rid of the male patriarchy with language as language is also male dominated

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15
Q

What was Pamela Fishmans book called?

A

‘interactions: the work women do’ (1983)

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16
Q

What did Fishman gather?

A

Women are interactional (use more questions and start conversations) whereas men are transactional

17
Q

What did O’barr and Atkins investigate?

A

The idea that language is situation dependent - courtroom cases

18
Q

How did O’barr and Atkins investigate situation?

A

studied courtroom cases for 30 months and used Lakoffs study of women’s language

19
Q

What did O’barr and Atkins find?

A

In a courtroom, the witnesses used language which they wouldn’t usually use to appeal to the judge

20
Q

What was Deborah Tannens model called?

A

The difference model

21
Q

What does tannens difference model observe?

A

Difference is language is due to gender difference (social construct)

22
Q

Tannen said men are… and women are…

A

men are transactional, women are interactional

23
Q

How many contrasts did Tannen observe?

A

Six

24
Q

Name the six contrasts of the difference model (male is always first)

A

Status vs support
Independence vs intimacy
advice vs understanding
information vs feelings
orders vs proposals
conflict vs compromise

25
Q

what are the R’s about men and women?

A

Men report and Women rapport

26
Q

What was Cameron’s theory?

A

Diversity Theory

27
Q

What did Cameron famously say?

A

there are more differences within genders than between them

28
Q

What was cameron’s book?

A

The myth of mars and venus

29
Q

What did Judith Butler observe?

A

the idea that gender is a performance (gender performativity) and what you portray is a choice

30
Q

what did butler say about expressions and gender?

A

There is no gender identity behind the expressions of gender

31
Q

What did penelope eckert say?

A

There are other factors to language and you can’t specify them

32
Q

Who did Eckert say people are more likely to talk like?

A

Their friends

33
Q

How did Eckert observe the factors?

A

Observed friendship groups in a school in detroit

34
Q

Who were the dominance theorists?

A

Lakoff
O’barr and Atkins
Zimmerman and West
Fishman
Spender

35
Q

Who was the Difference Theorist?

A

Tannen

36
Q

Who were the diversity theorists?

A

Butler
Eckert
Cameron

English Lang (4 decks)

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