gender Flashcards
What is the Difference Model?
The idea that the language of men and women are simply different, neither superior
What are Deborah Tannen’s 6 traits for men and women?
(Difference Model)
- Information VS Feelings
- Conflict VS Compromise
- Independence VS Intimacy
- Advice VS Understanding
- Order VS Proposal
- Status VS Support
What is the difference between Report and Rapport (Tannen)?
(Difference Model)
Report - male talk, they want to report the facts
Rapport - female talk, they do it to maintain friendships
What was Zimmerman and West’s study?
(Difference Model)
They studies 11 mixed sex conversations and found that men interrupted more than women - men interrupted 46 times in the sample whereas women only interrupted 3 times
What are the 5 aspects Jennifer Coats proposed about women’s cooperative discourse?
(Difference Model)
- Hedges: maybe, could, can, might
- Minimal responses/backchannelling: mmm, mhm, yeah
- Topic/topic development: people and feelings, develops slowly, contributions
- Turn-taking: overlapping conversation, interactive
- Tag questions: isn’t it? don’t you think?
What did Deborah Cameron say in regards to Verbal Hygiene?
(Difference Model)
It is how we use language to impose order in society, there are contrasts between genders due to dominant social expectations
What are the two roles identified by Christine Howe?
(Difference Model)
Men = active participants:
- well I just think…
- what I would do…
Women = active listeners:
- okay…
- yeah…
- mhm…
What is the Dominance Model?
The idea that the language of men is more dominant in society and how it holds more power than women’s
What was Zimmerman and West’s study?
(Dominance Model)
They did a college campus study and found that men were responsible for 96% of interruptions, men’s dominance comes in the form of conversational management:
- Speaking more
- Longer turns
- Being interrupted less frequently
- Control of the discussed topics
What was Schulz and Lakoff’s study?
(Dominance Model)
Marked terms to show how men are dominant and how women are an addition to men:
- Host (ess)
- Bachelor (ette)
What did Holmes propose?
(Dominance Model)
That women are referred to as food or animals - implying they are objects and considered less than, than men
What did Stanley propose?
(Dominance Model)
That there are 220 pejorative terms (insults) for women and only 20 for men
What is the Diversity Model?
The idea that sex and gender are different and how sex plays no part in language, only society and socialisation does
What did Judith Butler propose?
(Diversity Model)
That gender is constructed by our way of language and human input, the capacity of women’s language is the same as men’s
What were the 2 types of gossiping identified by Guendouzi?
(Diversity Model)
Newsgiving: relaying information with no judgement or added opinion
Bitching: negatively portraying someone to gain “social capital”
