Gender

Question 1

What are sex role stereotypes?

Answer 1

types of qualities and characteristics seen as appropriate for each sex.

Question 2

How are sex role expectations taught?

Answer 2

The way children of different genders are handles with males being treated more physically. Different games/types of play are also seen as expected of different genders.

Question 3

What is Androgyny?

Answer 3

Involves having both male and female characteristics.

Question 4

What is the Bem Sex role inventory?

Answer 4

A self report designed to measure androgyny. Consists of 60 items rated on a 7 point scale. 20 masculine 20 Feminine and 20 Neutral.

Question 5

What are chromosomes?

Answer 5

Structures o nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells that contain genetic information.

Question 6

What are hormones?

Answer 6

Chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream from glands.

Question 7

What is testosterone?

Answer 7

A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 8

What is oestrogen?

Answer 8

A group of steroid hormones which promotes the development and maintenance of the female characteristics in the body.

Question 9

What is oxytocin?

Answer 9

A polypeptide hormone which acts also as a neurotransmitter that controls key aspects of the reproductive system,

Question 10

What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome?

Answer 10

A chromosomal condition that affects make physiology and cognitive development and involves having an extra X chromosome.

Question 11

What are characteristics of Klinefelter’s?

Answer 11

-Lack facial hair
-development of breast tissue
-infertile
-disproportionate limbs
-poor language skills

Question 12

What is Turner’s Syndromes?

Answer 12

A chromosomal condition that affects female physical development and involves only having one complete X chromosome in each cell.

Question 13

What are characteristics of Turners syndrome?

Answer 13

-Short stature
- Webbed Back and neck
-Broad chest
-Organ abnormalities
-Non functioning ovaries

Question 14

What is Kohlberg’s theory of gender develeopment?

Answer 14

Perceives children as developing an understanding of gender in stages, with gender-role behaviour apparent only after an understanding emerges that gender is fixed and constant. Once gender constancy is achieves, children value the behaviour and attitudes associated with their behaviour which leads to imitation of same sex role models.

Question 15

What are the three stages of Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 15

Stage1. Gender Labelling
Stage2. Gender Stability
Stage 3. Gender Constancy

Question 16

What happens in Gender Labelling?

Answer 16

Occurs between 18 months an 3 years and refers to children recognition of being male or female which allows them to categorise the world.

Question 17

What happens in Gender stability?

Answer 17

By the ages 3-5 most children recognise that people retain gender for life, but rely on superficial, physical signs to determine gender.

Question 18

What happens in Gender Constancy?

Answer 18

By age of 6-7 children realise that gender is permanent.

Question 19

What is Gender schema theory?

Answer 19

An explanation of gender development that sees gender identity alone as providing children with motivation to assume sex-typed behaviour patterns.

Question 20

What is the psychodynamic explanation for gender development?

Answer 20

An explanation of gender development that sees gender identity and role as acquired during the phallic stage where the focus of the libido moves to the genitals and gender identity develops through the resolution of either the Oedipus or Electra complex.

Question 21

What is the Oedipus Complex?

Answer 21

The arousal in boys of unconscious sexual desire for their mother and fear and dislike of their farther.

Question 22

What is the Electra Complex?

Answer 22

The arousal in boys of unconscious sexual desire for their mother and dislike of their mother.

Question 23

What is identification?

Answer 23

The process of acquiring the characteristics of the same sex parent.

Question 24

What is internalisation?

Answer 24

The incorporation of the same sex parent into an individuals personality.

Question 25

What is the social learning theory as applied to gender development?

Answer 25

An explanation that sees gender development as occurring through the observation and imitation of models and socialising agents such as parents and peers and the influence of media and culture.

Question 26

How do parents influence gender?

Answer 26

SLT sees girls and boys learning dissimilar gender roles as parents react to them differently.

Question 27

How do peers influence gender?

Answer 27

Peers act as role models for gender role stereotypes with children more likely to imitate same sex models.

Question 28

How does media influence gender?

Answer 28

Media provides children with a constant source of information as to which gender behaviours to imitate.

Question 29

How does culture influence gender?

Answer 29

Different cultural influences result in differences in gender roles between cultures, this would infer gender to be socially constructed.

Question 30

What is gender identity disorder?(GID)

Answer 30

A abnormal condition whereby the external characteristics of the body are perceived as opposite to the psychological experience of oneself as male or female.

Question 31

What are social explanations for GID?

Answer 31

A perception that gender identity disorder is a condition learned via socialisation processes.

Question 32

What is the biological explanation for GID?

Answer 32

The perception that GID is physiologically determined. Its made up of the genetic and biochemical explanations.