gender Flashcards

Question

stage 2- gender stability

Answer 1

Around age 4 years. Own gender is fixed over time and they realise they will be a boy or a girl when they are older. cant apply this logic to toehrs confused by external appearances believe that others can change genders

Answer 2

Around age 6 or 7 years. Own gender and other people’s gender are consistent over time and situations. age to begin to seek out gender-appropriate roles models to identify with and imitate fully developed and internalised concept of gender at the constancy stage gender stereotyping begins to emerge at this age

Answer 3

children were told a story about George a boy who liked to play with dolls children were asked to comment 4- fine if he wanted to 6- wrong for George to play with dolls they had gone beyond understanding girls and boys to developing rules about what they ought to do (gender stereotyping) children who have achieved constancy have formed rigid stereotypes regarding gender appropriate behaviour

Answer 4

found children as young as 4 reported feeling good about playing with gender appropriate toys and bad when doing the opposite contradicts Kohlberg's theory would predict supports gender schema theory suggests that children begin to absorb gender appropriate info as soon as they identify themselves as either a boy or a girl

Answer 5

key test- if child understands that gender stays consists in appearances and context younger children are confused by this- we identify gender from clothes and hair best way is physical differences- something younger children don't understand 40% of children aged 3-5 years were able to demonstrate constancy if they were shown a photo of a naked child suggests that the typical way of testing gender constancy may misrepresent what younger children actually know

Answer 6

kohlberg theory- recognises children's understanding of their own and other genders guides their thoughts and behaviour doesn't say when and how this affects gender related behaviour 1st- orient children to the importance of gender eg choosing friends/ seeking info 2nd- child's responsiveness to gender norms eg choosing clothes or attitudes suggest that the acquisition of constancy may be a more gradual process and may begin earlier than Kohlberg thought

Answer 7

Organised set of beliefs and expectations about gender which guides gender-appropriate behaviour. shares view that children develop their understanding of gender by actively structuring their own learning rather than by passively observing and imitating role models

Answer 8

Only gender identity is needed for the development of gender schema, generalised representation of everything we know in relation to gender and stereotypical gender appropriate behaviour. once a child establishes gender identity around 2-3 years they will look for info that encourages the development of gender schema. This contrasts with Kohlberg’s view that this process only begins after they have reached gender constancy.

Answer 9

Schema are likely to be formed around stereotypes and these direct experience as well as the child’s understanding of itself, e.g. ‘I am a boy so I play with cars and wear trousers’. Children misremember or disregard information that does not fit with their schema.

Answer 10

children better understanding of the schema that are appropriate to their own gender- in group consistent with the idea that children pay more attention to information relevant to their gender identity rather than that of the other gender- outgroup its not until children are a little older around 8 that they develop elaborate schemas for both gender ingroup serves to bolster the child's self esteem

Answer 11

children under the age of 6 were more likely to remember photographs of stereotypically gender appropriate behaviour than photographs of gender inappropriate behaviour when tested a week later. children tended to change the gender of the person carrying out the gender inappropriate activity in the photographs when asked to recall them so that the gender behaviour was now appropriate. children under 6 years would do this

Answer 12

longitudinal study 82 children data- twice weekly report from mother on their children's language from age 9 to 21 months key measure of gender identity was taken to be how and when children labelled themselves as a boy or girl as soon as child communicate suggesting that children actually have a gender identity before this but just dont communicate it research underestimated children ability to use gender labels about themselves

Answer 13

may not be appropriate to argue about specific ages. they suggest that the key point is the shift in a child thinking and that the ages are avg rather than absolute possible that many children may move thought stages quicker or slower than other. its the sequences of developments is more important

Answer 14

influences culturally appropriate gender behaviour women- nurturing men- career children form a schema which are consistent with the view societies with less rigid boundaries= children acquire more fluid gender schema gender schema are transmitted between members of a society and how cultural difference in gender stereotype come about other explanations of gender development eg psycho which suggest gender identity is more driven by unconscious bio urges

Answer 15

agrees that children play an active role in their gender development they disagrees on the precise timing of when this start to happen kohlberg argues that children must achieve gender constancy before they are able to look for example martin and halverson claims that a child recognises themselves as a boy or a girl (gender identity) they begin to form attitudes and select behaviour that align with their ingroup. this involves an active search for confirmatory evidence of gender stereotypical attitudes and behaviour . this explains why children rationalise or misremember info that doesn't fit with theri existing schema. disagreement about when the child begins to actively search for gender-appropriate information in their understanding of gender.