GenChem12 (Nuclear Phenomena)

Question 1

Nuclear decay is a _____ order process

What does that mean?

Answer 1

First

Rate of decay is proportional to how much you have (i.e. twice as much product=twice as much decay). Constant half life.

Question 2

The amount of energy that is required to break up a given nucleus into its constituent protons and neutrons.

Answer 2

Binding Energy

Question 3

The equation for converting energy into mass is

Answer 3

E=mc^2

Question 4

The difference between the mass of the constituent atoms when packed into the nucleus is called the

Answer 4

Mass defect

Question 5

What lies in the nucleus

Answer 5

Neutrons and Protons

Question 6

The letter Z represents what part of the nucleus

Answer 6

Atomic Number - aka number of protons

Question 7

The letter A represents what aspect of the nucleus

Answer 7

Mass number - aka number of protons + neutrons

Question 8

Different numbers of neutrons in an atom is a

Answer 8

Isotope

Question 9

A radioactive isotope is reffered to as _____ and they are commonly used in nuclear medicine

Answer 9

Radionuclide

Question 10

What is the definition of 1 amu

What is the value of 1 amu in kg

Answer 10

One twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

1.66*10^-27 kg

Question 11

A weighted average of the masses of an element is the

Answer 11

Atomic Weight

Question 12

This nuclear reaction occurs when small nuclei combine into a larger nucleus. Name an example of where this happens

Answer 12

Fusion

The sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse to make one helium nucleus

Question 13

A nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus splits into smaller nuclei.

Name one example of when this happens. What type of reaction occurs?

Answer 13

Fission

Uranium-235 absorbing a low energy neutron. It creates a chain reaction

Question 14

Law stating that the total number of neutrons plus protons remains the same, even if neutrons are converted to protons and vice versa

Answer 14

Nucleon or Baryon Number Conservation

Question 15

Radioactive decay is what type of nuclear reaction?

Answer 15

Fission

Question 16

These particles are massive and have a ow penetrate power. Made of 2 neutrons and 2 protons.

Answer 16

Alpha particles.

Question 17

This type of decay causes the emission of an electron which causes a neutron to decay into a proton.

Answer 17

Beta Decay

Question 18

Type of decay where a positively charged antielectron is emitted, resulting in a neutron

Answer 18

Beta + decay

Question 19

Particles that are actually high energy photons

What effect do they have on an atom?

Answer 19

Gamma Particles

They lower the energy without affecting the mass number or atomic number

Question 20

This occurs when an unstable radionuclide absorbs an inner shell electron and it combines with a proton to form a neutron.

Answer 20

Electron Capture

Question 21

What is the equation for decay rate?

Answer 21

Δn/Δt = -λn

λ is the decay constant, and n is the number that remain.

Question 22

What is the equation for exponential decay?

Answer 22

n=(no)e^-λt

Question 23

What is the equation for the decay constant?

Answer 23

λ= ln2/t(1/2)