GenBio Flashcards
% How long can microtubules be?
50 microns
% How wide can microtubules be?
23-27 nm with inner diameter of 11-15 nm
% Are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells
Microtubules
% Motor proteins that “walk” towards the plus end, playing a key role in mitosis & trafficking of organelles/vesicles
Kinesin
% Cargo carried by kinesin walking towards the fast-growing plus end of the microtubule
Anterograde Cargo
% Cargo carried by dynein walking towards the slow-growing minus end of the microtubule
Retrograde Cargo
% Motor proteins that “walk” towards the minus end, playing a key role in driving cilia & flagella
Dynein
% Vesicles that move materials in the cell
Transport Vesicles
% Vesicles that move materials out the cell
Secretory Vesicles
% Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down macromolecules
Lysosomes
% Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down excess nutrients, fatty acids, and alcohol
Peroxisomes
% Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
% Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down pathogens
Lysosomes
% Vesicles responsible for cell death
Lysosomes
% Process where substances are brought into the cell
Endocytosis
% Cellular ingestion of particles
Phagocytosis
% Cellular ingestion of fluids
Pinocytosis
% Process where substances are moved outside the cell
Exocytosis
% Cell membrane is also known as
Plasma Membrane
% Why should endocytosis and exocytosis occur at equal rates?
So the cell doesn’t gain/lose too much cell membrane
% Types of active cell transport
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
% Follows the concentration gradient
Simple Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion
% Does not require transport protein channels as molecules move freely through the semi-permeable cell membrane
Simple Diffusion
% Requires transport protein channels in the semi-permeable cell membrane
Facilitated Diffusion
% Uses special receptor proteins to help carry large particles across the cell membrane
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
% Large objects can’t pass through the membrane and transport proteins, hence, requiring ____
Vesicles
% Types of bulk transport
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
% Type of cell transport that requires energy
Active/Bulk Transport
% Type of cell transport that requires no energy
Simple/Facilitated Diffusion
