gen zoo lec (taxonomy & tissues)

Question 1

All live function are confined within one cell alone
Unicellular eukaryotes are considered one organism
Can perform all functions of live (digestion, secretion, reproduction)

Answer 1

Protoplasmic

Question 2

See beginning of evolution for multicellular organisms
When simple cells combine to form a larger unit
Animal cells exist independently
Contain specialized cells for specific tasks

Answer 2

Cellular

Question 3

When aggregation of similar cells are organized to form a specific function

Answer 3

Cell Tissue

Question 4

Organs with more than one kind of tissue and are more specialized functions that tissues

Answer 4

Tissue Organ

Question 5

Most animal phyla are grouped together
Presence of respiration digestion organs

Answer 5

Organ

Question 6

Can divide by putting any plane in the center of the organism and it divides the body into mirrored halves
Suited for organisms who float, and roll
Found in unicellular forms

Answer 6

Spherical

Question 7

Body is divided into similar halves by more than 2 planes passing through their longitudinal axis
Found in sponges, fishes, sea urchins

Answer 7

Radial

Question 8

Have 2 ends of Radial Symmetry

Answer 8

oral surface and aboral surface

Question 9

Legs are usually paired
Only 2 planes pass along the longitudinal axis can produce mirrored halves
Comb jellies, free-floating animals

Answer 9

Biradial

Question 10

Divided along the sagittal lane producing 2 mirrored right and left halves
Better for forward movement, moving head first
Sensory organs are contained within the head region

Answer 10

Bilateral

Question 11

concentration of nervous tissues and organs in the frontal region (head)

Answer 11

Cephalization

Question 12

produces anterior and posterior

Answer 12

Transverse

Question 13

produces left and right sides

Answer 13

Sagittal

Question 14

produces dorsal and ventral

Answer 14

Frontal

Question 15

Fertilized egg
Undergoes cleavage and turns into blastula

Answer 15

Zygote

Question 16

Undergoes cell division until formation of blastopore (turns into gastrula

Answer 16

Blastula

Question 17

fluid-filled cavity of the blastula

Answer 17

Blastocoel

Question 18

Opening of the gastrocoel
Turns part of the ectoderm into the endoderm

Answer 18

Blastopore

Question 19

cavity inside of the blastopore

Answer 19

Gastrocoel

Question 20

Cell division continues and blastopore forms into the Gut Tube

Answer 20

Complete Gut

Question 21

Turns into the digestive system when the animal develops

Answer 21

Gut tube

Question 22

2 ends of the gut tube

Answer 22

oral and anal end

Question 23

Blastopore becomes the mouth
ex: Arthropods, molluscs, annelids (AMA)

Answer 23

Protostomes

Question 24

Has a body cavity called pseudocoelom
Ex: nematodes, roundworms

Answer 24

Pseudocoelomate

Question 24

Blastopore becomes the anus ex: Chordates, vertebrates, echinoderms (CVE)

Answer 24

Deuterostomes

Question 25

determines if the animal is Pseudocoelomate, Acoelomate, or Coelomate

Answer 25

mesoderm

Question 26

Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton.

Answer 26

pseudocoelom

Question 27

between the endoderm and mesoderm Allows for more complex organ development. Higher degree of internal movement.

Answer 27

pseudocoelom

Question 28

Lacks a body cavity, internal organs are embedded in the mesoderm Limits organ development. Ex: flatworms

Answer 28

Acoelomate

Question 29

Presence of coelom Provides space for complex development. Ex: annelids, molluscs, humans

Answer 29

Coelomate

Question 30

Fluid filled body cavity linked by the mesoderm

Answer 30

coelom

Question 31

common feature of metazoans (multicellular organisms) Serial repetition of body segments along the longitudinal axis → horizontal, pahaba ng pahaba (Ex: annelids, arthropods)

Answer 31

Metamerism (segmentation)

Question 32

cells that undergo segmentation Contain internal and external structures Allows mobility and complexity of structure and function Gives rise to vertebral column, ribs, & skeletal muscles

Answer 32

Metamere or Somite

Question 33

Forms protective outer layer of the tissues Lines the internal organs and cavities Sheet of cells that covers an internal or external surface

Answer 33

epithelial tissue

Question 34

function of epithelial tissue internally and externally

Answer 34

Internally → lines all organs and ducts (Secretions & Mucus and specialized hormones and enzymes) Externally → protection and regulation

Question 35

Transmits electrical signals throughout the body and coordinates response

Answer 35

Nervous Tissues

Question 35

Supports and binds the other tissues with other subtypes Contains few cells, many fibers, and a ground substance or matrix that suspend fibers

Answer 35

Connective Tissues

Question 36

Responsible for movement

Answer 36

Muscular Tissue

Question 37

flattened, allows diffusion and transportation (blood capillaries, lungs, inner lining of cheeks)

Answer 37

Squamosal

Question 38

single layer of epithelial cells

Answer 38

Simple epithelium

Question 39

2 or more epithelial cell layers Vertebrates only! Reduce mechanical abrasion & distortion Waterproof for protection of the deeper living layers (Oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal & skin)

Answer 39

Stratified epithelial tissue

Question 40

finger like projections that increases the surface area

Answer 40

Microvilli

Question 40

box-like shape, for protection, secretion, & absorption (line the kidneys, salivary-glands, and other secretory systems)

Answer 40

Cuboidal

Question 41

taller than cuboidal, elongated nuclei, increased absorption (lining of the stomach & intestine)

Answer 41

Columnar

Question 42

Type of stratified epithelium For stretching - hold a lot of fluid, they can expand (Urinary tract & bladder of vertebrates)

Answer 42

Transitional epithelial tissue

Question 43

Most dominant type of connective tissue Hold organs, blood vessels, & nerves in place Extracellular matrix + elastic & collagen fibers

Answer 43

Loose connective tissue

Question 44

Tendons (muscles to bone) & ligaments (bone to bone) Made up of denser collagen fibers Acts as an anchor for the moving parts

Answer 44

Dense connective tissue

Question 45

protein that provides strength and elasticity

Answer 45

collagen

Question 45

semi-rigid tissue of firm matrix cells (chondrocytes) with collagen and elastin Lacks blood supply so nutrients and wastes have to diffuse through the ground substance such that it heals very slowly after damage

Answer 45

Cartilage

Question 46

gives the ability to stretch and return to its original shape

Answer 46

elastin

Question 47

strongest connective tissue made of calcified matrix (osteocytes) around collagen fibers

Answer 47

Bone

Question 48

Blood vessels flow through tiny channels called canaliculi and large canals that allow for continuous repair allow higher volume of blood and oxygen which increases the ability to heal faster

Answer 48

remodeling

Question 49

3 Muscle Tissues

Answer 49

skeletal smooth cardiac

Question 50

Long, cylindrical fibers Voluntary muscles

Answer 50

Skeletal muscle

Question 51

Short, branching involuntary

Answer 51

Cardiac muscle

Question 52

Non-striped Involuntary Around blood vessels, intestines, and uterus

Answer 52

Smooth muscle

Question 53

structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue

Answer 53

neuron

Question 54

non-nervous cells that insulate the neuron and support other nervous function

Answer 54

neuroglia