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2nd yr > gen zoo lec (taxonomy & tissues) > Flashcards

gen zoo lec (taxonomy & tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

All live function are confined within one cell alone
Unicellular eukaryotes are considered one organism
Can perform all functions of live (digestion, secretion, reproduction)

A

Protoplasmic

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2
Q

See beginning of evolution for multicellular organisms
When simple cells combine to form a larger unit
Animal cells exist independently
Contain specialized cells for specific tasks

A

Cellular

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3
Q

When aggregation of similar cells are organized to form a specific function

A

Cell Tissue

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4
Q

Organs with more than one kind of tissue and are more specialized functions that tissues

A

Tissue Organ

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5
Q

Most animal phyla are grouped together
Presence of respiration digestion organs

A

Organ

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6
Q

Can divide by putting any plane in the center of the organism and it divides the body into mirrored halves
Suited for organisms who float, and roll
Found in unicellular forms

A

Spherical

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7
Q

Body is divided into similar halves by more than 2 planes passing through their longitudinal axis
Found in sponges, fishes, sea urchins

A

Radial

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8
Q

Have 2 ends of Radial Symmetry

A

oral surface and aboral surface

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9
Q

Legs are usually paired
Only 2 planes pass along the longitudinal axis can produce mirrored halves
Comb jellies, free-floating animals

A

Biradial

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10
Q

Divided along the sagittal lane producing 2 mirrored right and left halves
Better for forward movement, moving head first
Sensory organs are contained within the head region

A

Bilateral

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11
Q

concentration of nervous tissues and organs in the frontal region (head)

A

Cephalization

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12
Q

produces anterior and posterior

A

Transverse

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13
Q

produces left and right sides

A

Sagittal

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14
Q

produces dorsal and ventral

A

Frontal

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15
Q

Fertilized egg
Undergoes cleavage and turns into blastula

A

Zygote

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16
Q

Undergoes cell division until formation of blastopore (turns into gastrula

A

Blastula

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17
Q

fluid-filled cavity of the blastula

A

Blastocoel

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18
Q

Opening of the gastrocoel
Turns part of the ectoderm into the endoderm

A

Blastopore

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19
Q

cavity inside of the blastopore

A

Gastrocoel

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20
Q

Cell division continues and blastopore forms into the Gut Tube

A

Complete Gut

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21
Q

Turns into the digestive system when the animal develops

A

Gut tube

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22
Q

2 ends of the gut tube

A

oral and anal end

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23
Q

Blastopore becomes the mouth
ex: Arthropods, molluscs, annelids (AMA)

A

Protostomes

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24
Q

Has a body cavity called pseudocoelom
Ex: nematodes, roundworms

A

Pseudocoelomate

24
Q

Blastopore becomes the anus
ex: Chordates, vertebrates, echinoderms (CVE)

A

Deuterostomes

25
Q

determines if the animal is Pseudocoelomate, Acoelomate, or Coelomate

A

mesoderm

26
Q

Acts as a hydrostatic skeleton.

A

pseudocoelom

27
Q

between the endoderm and mesoderm
Allows for more complex organ development.
Higher degree of internal movement.

A

pseudocoelom

28
Q

Lacks a body cavity, internal organs are embedded in the mesoderm
Limits organ development.
Ex: flatworms

A

Acoelomate

29
Q

Presence of coelom
Provides space for complex development.
Ex: annelids, molluscs, humans

A

Coelomate

30
Q

Fluid filled body cavity linked by the mesoderm

A

coelom

31
Q

common feature of metazoans (multicellular organisms)

Serial repetition of body segments along the longitudinal axis → horizontal, pahaba ng pahaba (Ex: annelids, arthropods)

A

Metamerism (segmentation)

32
Q

cells that undergo segmentation

Contain internal and external structures
Allows mobility and complexity of structure and function
Gives rise to vertebral column, ribs, & skeletal muscles

A

Metamere or Somite

33
Q

Forms protective outer layer of the tissues
Lines the internal organs and cavities
Sheet of cells that covers an internal or external surface

A

epithelial tissue

34
Q

function of epithelial tissue internally and externally

A

Internally → lines all organs and ducts (Secretions & Mucus and specialized hormones and enzymes)
Externally → protection and regulation

35
Q

Transmits electrical signals throughout the body and coordinates response

A

Nervous Tissues

35
Q

Supports and binds the other tissues with other subtypes
Contains few cells, many fibers, and a ground substance or matrix that suspend fibers

A

Connective Tissues

36
Q

Responsible for movement

A

Muscular Tissue

37
Q

flattened, allows diffusion and transportation (blood capillaries, lungs, inner lining of cheeks)

A

Squamosal

38
Q

single layer of epithelial cells

A

Simple epithelium

39
Q

2 or more epithelial cell layers
Vertebrates only!
Reduce mechanical abrasion & distortion
Waterproof for protection of the deeper living layers
(Oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal & skin)

A

Stratified epithelial tissue

40
Q

finger like projections that increases the surface area

A

Microvilli

40
Q

box-like shape, for protection, secretion, & absorption (line the kidneys, salivary-glands, and other secretory systems)

A

Cuboidal

41
Q

taller than cuboidal, elongated nuclei, increased absorption (lining of the stomach & intestine)

A

Columnar

42
Q

Type of stratified epithelium
For stretching - hold a lot of fluid, they can expand
(Urinary tract & bladder of vertebrates)

A

Transitional epithelial tissue

43
Q

Most dominant type of connective tissue
Hold organs, blood vessels, & nerves in place
Extracellular matrix + elastic & collagen fibers

A

Loose connective tissue

44
Q

Tendons (muscles to bone) & ligaments (bone to bone)
Made up of denser collagen fibers
Acts as an anchor for the moving parts

A

Dense connective tissue

45
Q

protein that provides strength and elasticity

A

collagen

45
Q

semi-rigid tissue of firm matrix cells (chondrocytes) with collagen and elastin

Lacks blood supply so nutrients and wastes have to diffuse through the ground substance such that it heals very slowly after damage

A

Cartilage

46
Q

gives the ability to stretch and return to its original shape

A

elastin

47
Q

strongest connective tissue made of calcified matrix (osteocytes) around collagen fibers

A

Bone

48
Q

Blood vessels flow through tiny channels called canaliculi and large canals that allow for continuous repair

allow higher volume of blood and oxygen which increases the ability to heal faster

A

remodeling

49
Q

3 Muscle Tissues

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

50
Q

Long, cylindrical fibers
Voluntary muscles

A

Skeletal muscle

51
Q

Short, branching
involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

52
Q

Non-striped
Involuntary
Around blood vessels, intestines, and uterus

A

Smooth muscle

53
Q

structural and functional unit of the nervous tissue

A

neuron

54
Q

non-nervous cells that insulate the neuron and support other nervous function

A

neuroglia

2nd yr (3 decks)

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