Gen Zoo Chap 3

Question 1

Body of thoroughly tested and verified explanations for a set of observations of the natural world

Answer 1

Theory

Question 2

Best explanation of observed phenomena

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

Change over a period of time

Answer 3

Evolution

Question 4

Darwinism and Evolution though Natural Selection

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

• Charles Darwin
• Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 6

The living world is neither constant nor perpetually cycling. It is always changing

Answer 6

Perpetual Change

Question 7

All forms of life descended from a common ancestor through a branching of lineages

Answer 7

Common Descent

Question 8

Evolutionary process new species by splitting and transforming older ones

Answer 8

Multiplication of Species

Question 9

Large difference in anatomical traits that characterize different species originate through
the accumulation of many small changes in the genes over very long periods of time

Answer 9

Gradualism

Question 10

Organisms constructed to meet the demands of their environment

Answer 10

Natural Selection

Question 11

must makes lot of offspring to
maintain population; not all survive adulthood

Answer 11

Overproduction

Question 12

Natural resources are limited;
struggle for existence

Answer 12

Competition

Question 13

Adapt better tend to survive

Answer 13

Selection

Question 14

Most favorable traits leads to
production of new species overtime

Answer 14

Adaptation

Question 15

similar structures shared
between different animals with common ancestry

Answer 15

Homologous Structure

Question 16

Structures between
different animals look and function the same but evolved separately (no common ancestry)

Answer 16

Analogous Structure

Question 17

Structures from past ancestor that may have lose all or most of its original function in the course of evolution as it is no longer needed

Answer 17

Vestigial

Question 18

Relatedness of groups or organisms is reflected
to DNA sequences

Answer 18

DNA Comparisons

Question 19

study of species distribution

Answer 19

Biogeography

Question 20

Physical characteristics increases organisms
finding mate

Answer 20

Sexual Selection

Question 21

• Formation of new species
• Start to develop new traits
• DNA drift apart

Answer 21

Speciation

Question 22

Process by which an organism becomes better suited to
its environment through changes in its traits or
behaviors

Answer 22

Adaptation

Question 23

Types of Adaptation

Answer 23

1.) Structural (Physical features)
2.) Behavioral (ways of acting)
3.) Physiological (internal functions)

Question 24

Introduction of new variation

Answer 24

Mutation

Question 25

Continues exchange of genes between 2 or more populations of the same species

Answer 25

Gene Flow

Question 26

Transfer genetic material between population
through migration

Answer 26

Gene Flow

Question 27

Random changes of allele frequencies especially
in small population due to chance events

Answer 27

Genetic Drif

Question 28

Differential survival and reproduction of individual with certain traits, leading to changes in allele frequencies over time

Answer 28

Natural Selection

Question 29

Small-scale evolutionary changes that could lead to appearance of new variants within a species

Answer 29

Microevolution

Question 30

Large-scale evolutionary changes that take place
after a long period of time

Answer 30

Macroevolution

Question 31

The union of male (sperm) and female (egg) gametes to form a zygote, initiating development.

Answer 31

Fertilization

Question 32

Rapid mitotic cell divisions of the zygote without growth, resulting in a multicellular structure called a blastula.

Answer 32

Cleavage

Question 33

The process by which the blastula reorganizes into a three-layered structure called the gastrula, forming the primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Answer 33

Gastrulation

Question 34

The formation and differentiation of organs and tissues from the germ layers. This stage involves the development of the nervous system, muscles, bones, and other organs.

Answer 34

Organogenesis

Question 35

The increase in size and the shaping of the organism’s body and organs, guided by genetic and environmental factors.

Answer 35

Growth and Morphogenesis

Question 36

The final stage of development where the organism reaches sexual maturity and is capable of reproduction.

Answer 36

Maturation

Question 37

A dramatic transformation from a larval stage to an adult form, as seen in insects (e.g., caterpillar to butterfly) and amphibians (e.g., tadpole to frog).

Answer 37

Metamorphosis