Gen terminology- nervous system Flashcards
Frontal section
Cut along Corona plane
Cross-section
A cut through the transverse plane
Anatomic position
Body is directed be a saintly for the head is held high and the palms of the hands are facing forward
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Anterior
Facing forward
Posterior
Toward the back
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline or toward the sides
Proximal
Closer to the point of the attachment
Distal
For their way from where attachment
Dorsal cavity includes
Cranial and spinal cavities
Ventral cavity includes
Orbits and the nasal oral thoracic and abdominal pelvic cavities
Histology
Study of tissues
Four fundamental tissues are
Epithelial connective muscle and nervous issues
Epithelial cells function
Cover line and protect the body and its internal organs
Connective tissue is
Framework of body providing support and structure for the Organs
Nerve tissue is composed of
Neurons in contest connective tissue cells that are referred to as neuroglia
Muscle tissues have
Ability to contract or shorten
Voluntary muscle
Under conscious control. Skeletal muscles must work in pairs: the muscle that executes a given move it is the prime mover, whereas the muscle that produces the opposite movement is the antagonist. Other muscles known as synergist may work in cooperation with the prime mover
Involuntary muscle
Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle tissue
Cell
The basic unit of life and blocks of tissue and organs
Nucleus contains
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA and ribosomes are especially important in synthesis of proteins.
Mitosis
Necessary for growth and repair, DNA is replicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells
Meiosis takes place
Sell the business takes place in gonands and ovaries and testes.
Meiosis process
Chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so when the egg and the spermine night and fertilization the cycle will have the correct number of chromosomes.
What is the largest organ of the body
The skin
Two layers of the skin
Epidermis the outer most protective layer of dead here tonight epithelial cells in the dermis underlying layer of the connective tissue
Rears about the epidermis from outer layer to inner layer
Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and inner most Stratum germinativum
Where does mitosis occurs
Epidermis
What do epidermal cells contain
Protein pigment called melanin which protects against radiation from the sun
inner layer of the skin
Dermis composed of fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels sensory nerve endings hair follicles and grands
Two types of sweat glands
Eccrine regulate body temperature by releasing a watery secretion that evaporates on the surface of the skin. Applicants creation mainly in the armpits in groin area.
Sebaceous glands
Release and oily secretion receiver do the hair follicles that lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
Oil
Produced by Halycon secretion and which host cells of the gland are part of secretion
What are the appendages of the skin
Hair and nails both are composed of Keratin
Body framework consists of
Bone cartilage ligaments and joints
Functions of the skeletal system include
Support movement blood cell formation protection of internal organs the detoxification provision for muscle attachment and mineral storage
How are individual bones classified?
Shape
Including long short flat irregular and seamoid bones
Long bone has
Irregular epiphysis at each end, composed mainly of spongy bone, and a shaft or diaphysis, composed mainly of compact bone.
What cells form compact bone?
Osteoblasts eventually become osteocytes once they stop dividing
Axial skeleton face and skull
28 bones of the skull
14 facial bones and 14 bones of the cranium.
Facial bones have 2 nasal bones 2 maxillary bones 2 zygomatic bone one mandible two palatine bones one vomer bone two lacrimal bones and two inferior nasal cavities.
Bones of the cranium are the single occipital frontal ethmoid and sphenoid and the paired Parietal Temporel And ossicles of ear (malleus incus and stapes)
Axial skeleton a vertebral column
33 bones vertebral column
Seven cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar vertebrae, five sacral vertebrae, and coccygeal vertebrae.
Axial skeleton bones of thorax
Sternum and 12 pairs of ribs
Appendicular skeleton includes
The girdles and the limbs
Upper portion of the appendicular skeleton
Pectoral or shoulder girdle, clavicle and scapula, and upper extremity.
Appendicular skeleton bones of the arm
Humerous, radius, Anna, carpals or responds, metacarpals or bones of the hands, and phalanges or bones of the fingers.
Appendicular skeleton lower portion
Pelvic girdle or on coxae
Appendicular skeleton os coxae
Fused illum, ischium, pubis.
Appendicular skeleton bones of lower extremity
Femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Muscle contraction results from
Siding together from actin and myosin filaments with the new muscle cell or fiber
Sacromeres
Each muscle consist of myofibrils which in turn are made up of still small units
What must be present for muscles cells to contract
Calcium and adenosine triphosphate ATP
Flexors and extensors
Flexes reduce the angle at the joint where as extensors increase the angle
Abductors and adductors
Abductor draw a lim away from the midline. Where as abductors return the limb back toward the body
Nervous system consists of
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
Nervous system enables us to
Think reason remember carry out other abstract activities
Nervous system works closely with what glands
Endocrine gland correlating and integrating that he functions such as digestion and reproduction
Main parts of a neuron
Cell body axon dendrites
Sagittal section
Cut along the median plane
Nervous system can be divided into
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
PNS transmit information
To and from the CNS
Sensory and friend her and transmit
Nerve pulses toward the CNS
Motor efferent neurons transmit nerve impulses
Away from the CNS towards the effector organs and Digestive organs
Major parts of the brain are
Cerebrum which is associated with movement and sensory input. Cerebellum which is responsible for muscular coordination. In the mid Dula which controls vital functions such as respiration and heart rate.
The spinal cord is approximately how many inches long
18
The spinal cord extends from
The base of the skull or Freeman magnum to the first or second lumbar vertebrae
How many spinal thirds exist in the spinal cord
31 pairs
Simple spinal reflexes are
In which the nerve pulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain
