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general psychology > gen psych module 4 exam > Flashcards

gen psych module 4 exam Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

think about, influence, and relate to other people

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2
Q

areas of social psychology

A

social cognition, social behavior, social influence, intergroup relations, close relations

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3
Q

social cognition

A

how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

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4
Q

areas of social cognition

A

attribution, person perception, the self, attitudes

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5
Q

attribution

A

determining why people do what they do

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6
Q

attribution theories

A

internal v. external, stable v. unstable, controllable v. uncontrollable

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7
Q

how do you explain another persons behavior

A

we usually attribute others behaviors to internal causes even though that’s not always accurate

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8
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

people overestimate the importance of stable and internal traits and underestimate external situations when looking for an explanation on someones behavior

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9
Q

self serving bias

A

we attribute our own behavior to whichever explanation benefits us the most (you succeed = take credit, you fail = someones fault)

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10
Q

false consensus effect

A

overestimation of the degree to which everyone thinks and acts like we do

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11
Q

person perception

A

forming impressions, feelings, and attitudes about others

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12
Q

are first impressions important

A

the power of first impression - the primary effect

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13
Q

stereotype

A

general characteristics about groups characteristics even if not always accurate

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14
Q

why do we stereotype

A

biologically built to categorize

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15
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

expectations cause an individual to act in ways that make expectation come true

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16
Q

stereotype threat

A

type of self fulfilling prophecy that anxiety about being negatively stereotyped causes underperformance

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17
Q

attractiveness

A

human physical features that others rate as in high objective physical appeal

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18
Q

social identity

A

defining oneself in terms of group memberships - ingroup “your group”, outgroup “comparison group”

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19
Q

prejudice

A

prejudgement without good reason

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20
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group and its members

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21
Q

the self

A

how we view ourselves

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22
Q

self esteem

A

degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves

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23
Q

social comparisons

A

evaluating ones own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others

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24
Q

attitudes

A

our feelings or opinions on people, objects, and ideas

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25
Q

can attitude determine behavior

A

sometimes - when attitude is strong, when person is made aware of attitude, and when person has vested interests

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26
Q

self perception theory

A

attitudes follow behavior, doing becomes believing

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27
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

conflict or anxiety between who we are and who we want to be, 2 don’t complement each other

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28
Q

altruism

A

unselfish interest in helping another person

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29
Q

why do people help other people

A

reciprocity - do unto others what they will do for you, egoism - doing good because it benefits you, implicit rules of society - others are helping so I will help too

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30
Q

factors that influence helping behavior

A

mood, empathy, and the bystander effect (let someone else do it)

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31
Q

conformity

A

changing ones behavior to align with the group to group standard

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32
Q

informational social influence

A

the influence people have on us because we want to be right

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33
Q

normative social influence

A

the influence people have on us because we want to be liked

34
Q

obedience

A

behavior that complies with the specific demands of an authority figure

35
Q

deindividuation

A

being part of a group reduces ones sense of personal responsibility

36
Q

social contagion

A

spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas

37
Q

social facilitation

A

people perform better when others are present if the task is easy or well learned, perform worse infant of others if task is difficult or new

38
Q

social loafing

A

tendency for people to underperform when in a group because of reduced accountability

39
Q

group think

A

impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than conforming to the group

40
Q

abnormality

A

any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or others, or interferes with their ability to function in daily life

41
Q

most prevalent psychological disorder

A

depression

42
Q

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-V)

A

contains each known disorder, a description, symptoms, checklist of criteria, and other relevant facts

43
Q

models of studying abnormal behavior

A

biological and psychological models

44
Q

biologicals models

A

psychological disorders have a biological cause, also known as the medical model

45
Q

psychological models

A

psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive perspective, combination approaches

46
Q

psychoanalysis

A

behavioral abnormality is the result of repressing undesirable thoughts, memories, and concerns

47
Q

behaviorism

A

abnormal behaviors are learned through a series of rewards and punishments

48
Q

cognitive perspective

A

abnormal behavior results from illogical thinking patterns

49
Q

anxiety disorders

A

unrealistic or excessive anxiety, can be specific or free floating

50
Q

types of anxiety disorders

A

phobias, OCD, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD

51
Q

phobias

A

irrational fear that causes undue personal distress and/or interferes with normal functioning

52
Q

social phobias

A

fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation

53
Q

specific phobias

A

fear of something in particular

54
Q

OCD

A

obsessions - intruding thoughts that occur again and again, compulsions - ritualistic behavior that reduces anxiety

55
Q

panic disorder

A

sudden onset and extreme panic, impending sense of doom

56
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

excessive anxiety or worry occur more days than not for at least 6 months that interferes with normal functioning and causes personal distress, can lead to depression + other disorders

57
Q

PTSD

A

anxiety disorder that develops after exposure to a traumatic event, oppressive situation, abuse, or disaster

58
Q

characteristics od PTSD

A

flashbacks, emotionally avoidant, desensitization, exaggerated startle response, difficulty concentrating, apprehensive and nervous, impulsive (sometimes aggressive) outbursts

59
Q

psychoanalytic approach

A

anxiety disorders are the result of repressed feelings and thoughts

60
Q

behavioral approach

A

anxiety disorders are learned overtime

61
Q

cognitive approach

A

anxiety disorders are the result of illogical irrational thinking patterns

62
Q

magnification

A

exaggeration of events, ideas, feelings

63
Q

all or nothing thinking

A

must be perfect or completely ruined

64
Q

overgeneralization

A

single negative event interpreted as a pattern.

65
Q

minimization

A

only look at the bad, minimizing positive

66
Q

mood disorders

A

disturbance in affect or emotion (AKA affective disorders)

67
Q

major clinical depression

A

deeply depressed mood or inability to experience pleasure

68
Q

depression

A

behaviors and thoughts change with depression, twice as likely to kill women, brought on by stressful events

69
Q

bipolar disorder

A

cycling between manic episodes and depressive episodes

70
Q

during manic phase

A

little need for sleep, speech is loud, extreme optimism/ self esteem, irritated easily, poor judgement, increased risk taking, increase in creativity

71
Q

schizophrenia

A

long lasting psychological disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perception

72
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

theory that it is excessive dopamine that causes schizophrenia

73
Q

psycho therapy

A

talking about problems

74
Q

biomedical therapy

A

medical procedure

75
Q

insight therapies

A

aimed at understanding motives and actions - psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy

76
Q

action therapies

A

aimed at changing behaviors - behavioral and cognitive therapy

77
Q

sigmund freud

A

inventor of psychoanalysis

78
Q

dream analysis

A

unconscious mind emerges in dream

79
Q

free association

A

unconscious mind emerges in free flowing stream of ideas

80
Q

resistance

A

patients unwilling to talk about certain things

general psychology (3 decks)

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