Gen Chem - Acid Base and Titrations Flashcards
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?
think excess is sol
An acid is a species that produces excess H+ (protons) in an aqueous solution.
What is the Arrhenius definition of a base?
think excess is sol
A base is a species that produces excess OH– (hydroxide ions) in an aqueous solution.
According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, what is an acid?
think acc/donate
An acid is a species that donates protons
According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, what is a base?
think acc/donate
A base is a species that accepts protons.
What is the Lewis definition of an acid?
think electron
An acid is an electron pair acceptor.
What is the Lewis definition of a base?
think electron
A base is an electron pair donor.
List some examples of strong acids.
- HCl
- HI
- HBr
- H2SO4
- HClO3
- HClO4
- HNO3
List some examples of strong bases.
- LiOH
- NaOH
- KOH
- RbOH
- CsOH
- Ca(OH)2
- Sr(OH)2
- Ba(OH)2
Any acid or base not on the lists of strong acids or bases is considered _______.
weak
What is an amphoteric species?
An amphoteric species is one that can act either as an acid or a base, depending on its chemical environment.
conjugate acid vs conjugate base
A conjugate acid contains one more H atom and one more + charge than the base that formed it. A conjugate base contains one less H atom and one more - charge than the acid that formed it.
Ka formula
[H+] [CB = acid with 1 less H] / [Acid]
Kb formula
[H+] [CA = base with 1 more H] / [Base]
pH and pOH formula
pH + pOH = 14
Kw
HH eq purpose
Henderson–Hasselbalch equation: is used to estimate the pH of a solution in the buffer region where the concentrations of the species and its conjugate are present in approximately equal concentrations
